Microsatellite (SSR) markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity within a collection of durum wheat germplasm. A total of 41 landraces originating from geographically diverse regions—including Turkey, Lebanon, Morocco, Ethiopia, China, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia—were initially genotyped using 27 SSR markers selected to represent the whole genome. Of these, 7 markers failed to produce amplification products despite repeated attempts; therefore, 20 SSR markers were retained for further analysis. Among these, 17 loci were polymorphic and 3 were monomorphic. Analysis of the 17 polymorphic loci revealed a total of 67 alleles, with allele numbers per locus ranging from two to seven and an average of 3.94 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values varied from 0.071 (Xgwm371) to 0.647 (Xgwm120), indicating differences in marker informativeness. Cluster analysis grouped the landraces into four genetically distinct clusters, demonstrating a clear relationship between genetic variation and geographic origin. In general, landraces from Africa and Western Asia exhibited higher genetic diversity compared to those from Central and East Asia. These results highlight Western Asia, Africa, and particularly southeastern Turkey as important centers of genetic diversity for durum wheat.

Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) is a nutrient-rich tropical legume with considerable potential to improve food security in tropical regions. However, breeding programs for purple-podded winged bean remain limited due to insufficient information on key genetic parameters. This study aimed to assess heritability, expected genetic gain, trait correlations, and path analysis in advanced purple-podded winged bean lines. Ten breeding lines derived from crosses of Indonesian landraces were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Traits observed included days to flowering, days to harvest, fruit set, pod width, pod length, pod weight, pod weight per plant, number of seeds per pod, and yield potential. The results revealed high broad-sense heritability (>0.5) for all traits, with the highest values observed for pod length (0.96), pod width (0.95), and fruit set (0.90). Expected genetic gain was highest for fruit set (35.20%), pod weight per plant (34.44%), and yield potential (34.44%). Correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between days to flowering and days to harvest (r = 0.90), while yield potential showed a perfect correlation with pod weight per plant (r = 1.00). Path analysis revealed positive direct effects of fruit set (0.478) and pod weight (0.310) on pod weight per plant, whereas number of seeds per pod had a negative direct effect (-0.429). Genotypes MNN 1122 and PLB 2324 exhibited the highest yield potentials (8.58 and 7.63 t ha^-1, respectively). These findings provide important genetic insights for the development of high-yielding purple-podded winged bean varieties.

The recent development of genome editing technologies using CRISPR/Cas9 has marked a new era in precise genome editing. This study reports on genome editing using seven single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to target different positions in the OsGTL1 promoter in rice (Oryza sativa L.). This research focused on identifying CRISPR-edited plants before evaluating the effects of OsGTL1 modification in rice progeny. We successfully developed gene-edited lines that have different types of mutations. Moreover, our study detected at least 35% of genetic chimerism in the first generations of the edited lines. This chimerism resulted in a mosaic of genotypes within an individual plant, suggesting multiple CRISPR-Cas9 events targeting the target region. We successfully identified transgene-free lines in later generations. Various modifications occurred in the targeted region, including large and small deletions, single-base insertions and deletions, and inversions. This study highlights the complex challenges and opportunities of applying CRISPR/Cas9 to improve rice traits, emphasizing the importance of detailed characterization of edited lines to fully understand a gene's function and its pleiotropic effects.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a premier global crop, celebrated not only for its economic importance but also as a fundamental “well-being food” that provides essential vitamins, minerals, and potent antioxidants. This review highlights the transformative impact of CRISPR/Cas9 and next-generation precision tools, such as base and prime editing, on modern tomato breeding. Beyond functional genomics, we focus on the strategic engineering of tomato to maximize productivity through fruit size optimization and the biofortification of high-value metabolites (e.g., GABA, lycopene, and vitamins). Furthermore, we examine recent advances in developing multi-stress resilience against both biotic and abiotic challenges. A significant emphasis is placed on re-designing plant architecture and developmental traits to tailor tomato varieties for future agricultural systems, particularly indoor and vertical farming. By advanced delivery methods, CRISPR technologies offer unprecedented potential to accelerate the development of “smart” tomato, ensuring sustainable agriculture and global food security in a changing climate.

In this study, molecular-genetic analyses were carried out to identify resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) samples. Yellow rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide, causing significant yield losses and posing a serious threat to global food security, particularly under changing climatic conditions. The disease is also highly prevalent in Central Asian countries, including Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, where wheat is a staple crop and ensuring stable production is of strategic importance. A total of 68 wheat genotypes were examined and genotyped using 42 highly polymorphic DNA markers. Based on the obtained phenotypic and genotypic data, association analysis was performed using the TASSEL and STRUCTURE programs. To identify genetic associations, GLM (General Linear Model) and MLM (Mixed Linear Model) statistical models were applied. The analysis revealed that the following markers showed significant and reliable associations with yellow rust resistance: Barc0187 (p=0.0040), Gwm340 (p=0.0043), Barc008 (p=0.0132), and Gwm111 (p=0.0147). These markers are recommended as reliable molecular indicators for identifying yellow rust-resistant genotypes and for improving marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies in future wheat breeding programs.

Momordica cochinchinensis (Dumbaya) is a local plant with high nutritional and medicinal potential, but its propagation is constrained by hard seed coats and low natural regeneration capacity. Tissue culture via callus induction offers an alternative strategy to support efficient propagation and further in vitro studies. This study aimed to develop a hypocotyl-derived callus induction protocol for M. cochinchinensis using different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). The scientific contribution of this study lies in establishing a preliminary callus induction protocol using hypocotyl explants of Dumbaya, a local germplasm that has received limited attention in in vitro culture studies. Hypocotyl segments from four-week-old in vitro seedlings were cultured for eight weeks on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with three plant growth regulator combinations: A1, 2.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L^-1 6-BA; A2, 1.5 mg L^-1 2,4-D + 0.75 mg L^-1 6-BA; and A3, 1.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D + 1.5 mg L^-1 6-BA. All tested treatments induced friable callus. Treatment A3 showed a trend toward higher fresh weight and more favorable yellowish white callus morphology, although the differences among treatments were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that 1.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D combined with 1.5 mg L^-1 6-BA may serve as a preliminary starting formulation for producing hypocotyl-derived callus of M.cochinchinensis for further regeneration, conservation, and secondary metabolite-related studies.

Cotton fiber development is a complex process regulated by multiple networks that involve various transcription factors (TFs). Recent studies (2020-2025) have elucidated the roles of TFs through silencing and overexpression experiments in cotton plants. We conducted a literature search in NCBI using the keywords ‘transcription factor, fiber elongation, cotton plant’ to identify relevant studies. This review focuses on studies published between 2020 and 2025 that were selected for review. We discussed various TFs and molecular mechanisms leading to altered fiber length. The research works included various analyses of transcription factors, genes, proteins, and metabolites as well as fiber quality results. The reviewed data highlight the complexity of fiber development networks, which involve extensive crosstalk among regulatory pathways. Despite the complexity, many novel TFs, modules, and tandems that participate in fiber elongation have been found. Their positive or negative regulatory roles in fiber formation stages promote a more profound understanding of fiber initiation and elongation.

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• Functional Characterization of GbERF13 Reveals Its Role in ABA-Responsive Fiber Development and Molecular Marker Development in Sea Island Cotton
  Jin Chen, Jinxuan Chen, Qingqing Yan, Min Gao, Qin Chen, Tao Lv, Quanjia Chen, Kai Zheng
  Plants.2026; 15(13): 2074.     CrossRef

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important Philippine crop, valued both as culinary ingredient and as alternative medicine. Its bioactivity is mainly attributed to organosulfur compounds such as alliin and allicin, with other metabolites such as phenolic compounds also playing a role. Despite this, limited biochemical data exist on Philippine garlic varieties. This study aimed to characterize 12 garlic accessions collected from Ilocos Norte by determining their alliin content and total phenolic content (TPC). Alliin was quantified through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) densitometry, while TPC was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Results revealed differences in both alliin content and TPC, with “Ilocos Pink” consistently exhibiting the highest values (32.84 mg/g FW of alliin; 0.4985 mg GAE/g FW of TPC), suggesting strong potential for bioactivity. In contrast, “Miracle” (19.78 mg/g FW of alliin; 0.1806 mg GAE/g of TPC) and Tan Bolters (20.07 mg/g FW of alliin; 0.1658 mg GAE/g of TPC) had the lowest values for both alliin content and TPC. These findings highlight the varietal differences among accessions, providing a baseline for further studies on their bioactivity, breeding, and post-harvest utilization. This research underscores the importance of characterizing local garlic varieties to strengthen their competitive value and to promote their utilization in specialized applications.

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• Protective Effects of Allicin and Garlic-Derived Interventions Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Mechanistic Insights
  Niuniu Sun, Yongqiang Gao, Yu Xing, Mingyang Guo, Xinyu Xu, Jingxi Hu, Zitong He, Jiapeng Luo, Sheng Li, Zhaozhao Hui, Shunming Zhang
  Nutrients.2026; 18(16): 2596.     CrossRef

Genetic diversity among 20 Azerbaijani grape (Vitis vinifera L.) accessions was assessed using 10 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers to elucidate relationships among samples and identify a convenient marker for determining genetic diversity. Based on the polymorphic information parameters such as PIC, EMR, MI, and RP were critically analyzed for utilizing these ISSR primers for genetic variability and 4 ISSR (UBC 811, UBC 812, UBC 815, UBC 857) markers were selected for future germplasm management. The total number of identified bands varied between 2-5. The maximum PIC value was observed in UBC 857 (0.478). Among genotypes, Ag oval kishmish and Yumru kishmish cultivars had the closest genetic similarity index (0.913), while Ag oval kishmish and Marandi, Yerli Muskat and Yabani uzum 1, Yerli Muskat and Yumru kishmish cultivars had the most distant genetic similarity index (0.406). These findings highlight both the complexity of grapevine genetic structure and the value of ISSR markers for detecting non-obvious relationships.

Patchouli is a plant that produces essential oil. One problem with patchouli is that production remains low due to virus attacks. To address this issue, virus-free seedlings can be produced through tissue culture. This measure requires examining the effectiveness of patchouli regeneration in vitro through histological observations and acclimatization, in as much as effective propagation supports healthy seedlings. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal propagation for Aceh patchouli via in vitro propagation, through histological observation. It investigated the optimal acclimatization for patchouli to assist patchouli adaptation. The study was carried out in several stages, starting from shoot multiplication, root induction, and acclimatization. Shoot multiplication was carried out on MS medium supplemented with BAP : 0.25 mg/L, 0.50 mg/L, 0.75 mg/L, 1.00 mg/L, 1.25 mg/L, and 1.50 mg/L. Root induction was carried out on MS medium supplemented with NAA : 0 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L, and 0.8 mg/L. Finally, the acclimatization was performed on compost under covering treatment. The results demonstrated that the best shoot multiplication, taking place in 6.3 days, was obtained through the 0.25 mg/L BAP treatment. This treatment resulted in the highest shoot proliferation, with a mean of 68.5 shoots per explant, as well as the greatest shoot height (5.1 cm). The best root induction was obtained from NAA 0.2 mg/L, producing a plant length (18.27 cm), plant height (9.60 cm), root length (8.67 cm), and plant fresh weight (1.49 g). During the acclimatization stage, the 12-day covering treatment produced the best seedlings, as evinced by plant length (25.8 cm), shoot height (19.5 cm), root length (7.9 cm), fresh weight (1.85 g), leaf width (3.0 cm), and a survival rate of 100%.

Microalgae offer a sustainable platform for biotechnology due to their rapid growth and ability to accumulate high-value metabolites such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. This study investigates the biochemical and morphological responses of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus incrassatulus across different growth phases and under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiency. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic status of both species. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) revealed species-specific surface structures and elemental composition. S. incrassatulus exhibited a compact, granular morphology, while C. vulgaris showed a smoother, colonial structure. EDS analysis demonstrated higher potassium and phosphorus levels in C. vulgaris, whereas S. incrassatulus presented elevated calcium and magnesium contents. Biochemical profiling indicated a metabolic shift during the stationary phase, with reduced protein synthesis and increased lipid and carbohydrate accumulation. Under nitrogen deficiency, C. vulgaris achieved the highest lipid content (53.68%), while S. incrassatulus reached 45.86%. Carbohydrate accumulation was also prominent during the stationary phase, with values of 49.18% for C. vulgaris and 47.99% for S. incrassatulus. Protein content was highest in the exponential phase and declined under nutrient stress. Elemental analysis via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) confirmed species-specific macronutrient and trace element profiles, supporting EDS data. These findings highlight the adaptive biochemical and structural traits of the two microalgae species, reinforcing their potential in biofuel production, sustainable agriculture, bioremediation, and environmental applications. Future work should focus on optimizing cultivation conditions and exploring genetic approaches to maximize metabolite yields for industrial-scale applications.

Eight rice genotypes, including Binam, Hashemi, Deylamani, TH1, Hasani, Saleh, IR75479-199-3-3, and Gohar, were crossed in a line tester mating design to generate breeding populations, assess the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) and identify suitable combinations for yield. 23 genotypes (15 F1s and eight parents) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran during the 2020 cropping season. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotype effects and GCA and SCA mean square values for all the investigated traits, which indicated the genetic diversity of the parental genotypes and the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of the studied traits. Results indicated that additive gene action controlled plant height. Meanwhile, non-additive gene action controlled panicle length, number of panicles per plant, heading date, hundred-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and grain yield. Effects of general combining ability were significant for the panicle length, the number of panicles per plant, heading date, hundred-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and plant height in all testers. Hasani and Saleh's genotypes demonstrated to be good general combiners for early maturity. Gohar was the best specific combiner to enhance yield components. Hashemi×Gohar was identified as the best combination for improving grain yield and reducing the number of days to heading. The predominance of non-additive types of gene actions related to grain yield and its components suggested that selecting the best plants should be postponed to advanced generation.

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• Combining ability and gene action analysis for growth and precocity in kola (Cola nitida (Vent) Schott. & Endl.)
  Abraham Akpertey, Paul Kwasi Krah Adu-Gyamfi, Esther Anokye, Alfred Arthur, Daniel Nyadanu
  Euphytica.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Iranian local rice genotypes for yield, and some agronomic traits
  Mostafa Modarresi
  Reproduction and Breeding.2026; 6(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Characterization of Iranian rice genetic resources for key grain quality traits
  Mostafa Modarresi
  Genetic Resources.2026; 7(13): 153.     CrossRef
• Assessing genetic potential of direct seeded rice for yield and its component traits in upland conditions of Western Himalayas
  Surbhi Patyal, DP Pandey, Kumar Sanu, Arshia Prashar, Nijit Chauhan
  ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice.2026; 63(1): 27.     CrossRef
• Analysis of line × tester mating design for rice (Oryza sativa L.) based on earliness, yield, and its components
  Randa Samir Nofal, Essam F. El-Hashash, Moamen Mohamed Abou El-Enin, Karima M. El-Absy, Walid Fouad Ghidan, Heba Abdel Hamid El Sherbiny, Mohamed M. M. Eltabakh, A. A. Hawash
  Discover Agriculture.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Genetic variability, heritability, and trait associations for yield and grain dimensions in diverse rice genotypes
  Mostafa Modarresi
  Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a fundamental crop worldwide, playing a crucial role in ensuring food security for human beings. Understanding the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars and developing genetic passports through DNA fingerprinting is essential for preventing varietal duplication enhancing breeding diversity and protecting breeders' rights globally. This study investigated the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and allelic frequencies of 32 Uzbekistan bread wheat cultivars using 66 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Unique marker alleles were identified and used to develop genetic passports for the cultivars. The results showed that the primers Barc181, Wmc522, Wmc407, Wms18, Cfa2201, Wms294, Cfd76, Wmc73, Wmc486, Cfa220, Wmc314, And Wms495 are reliable SSR markers for assessing genetic polymorphism in Uzbek wheat cultivars.

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• Genetic analysis of fusarium wilt resistance in Upland cotton germplasm ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)
  Naim N. Khusenov, Jurabek K. Norbekov, Umid A. Boykobilov, Zebo S. Yuldosheva, Ilyos S. Normamatov, Abdusalom Kh. Makamov, Mirzakamol S. Ayubov, Mukhtor M. Darmanov, Akmal M. Asrorov, Zabardast T. Buriev, Maftuna U. Makhmudova, Ozod S. Turaev, John Z. Yu,
  Journal of Plant Interactions.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Mungbean is one of the prominent pulse crops in Indonesia since the mungbean seeds are highly nutritious and has become an important part of the diet for the community. The black-seeded mungbean highly nutritious as it contains high anthocyanin content. We have developed a black-seeded mungbean lines that need to be evaluated for drought tolerance. Drought tolerance is important as mungbean is usually cultivated during the drought-prone dry season that leads to total loss. This study aimed to (1) determine the effectiveness of drought tolerance indices to select drought tolerance in black-seeded mungbean, (2) reveal the drought indices most suitable to select drought-tolerant, high- yielding black-seeded mungbean lines. This study was conducted during dry season in the Field Laboratory of Universitas Nusa Cendana. A Split-Plot design was employed, consisting of irrigation frequencies as the main plot and mungbean genotype as the sub- plot treatments. The main plot consisted of three levels, i.e. irrigation every day (I₁), every four days (I₂), and every seven days (I₃), and the subplot consisted of 23 mungbean genotypes. Seed yields under non-stress and stress conditions were used to calculate the drought indices. The data were subjected to ANOVA, PCA and correlation analysis. There were significant variations in seed yields among genotypes under different drought indices. The indices MP, GMP, STI, HARM, MRP, SSI, YSI, MSTIK1, and MSTIK2 are suitable for selection of drought-tolerant, high-yielding mungbean lines. V9.HT, V10.HT, V11.HT, V16.HT, V18.HT, V19.HT, V20.HT, V22.HT were potential for further evaluation as promising drought tolerant, high yielding varieties.

This study evaluates the phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of hydro-ethanolic extracts from six medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco: Eucalyptus torquata, Thymus broussonetii, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ziziphus lotus, and Acacia raddiana. Sonication was employed for extraction. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and condensed tannin content were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and hydrochloric acid assays, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via DPPH, total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and ABTS assays. Antibacterial activity was measured by the microdilution method. Phytochemical analysis revealed that E. torquata and Z. lotus had the highest total phenolic content, with 86.75 and 87.58 mg GAE/g of dry matter, respectively. T. broussonetii and R. officinalis had the highest flavonoid and condensed tannin content, at 297.12 mg QE/g of dry matter and 5.10 g/L, respectively. E. torquata exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with DPPH and ABTS values of 0.048 and 0.11 mg/mL, and a ferric reducing antioxidant power value of 209.375 mg/g. R. officinalis showed the highest total antioxidant capacity at 1.03 mg AAE/g of dry matter. All extracts displayed bactericidal effects. R. officinalis demonstrated the most potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations from 1.25 to 10 mg/mL. High phenolic content and significant antioxidant activity were noted in E. torquata and R. officinalis. Additionally, all extracts showed substantial antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains, with R. officinalis being the most effective.

Cotton is a globally important fiber crop, but many elite cultivars are recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. We developed a callus-mediated plant regeneration protocol for the local G. barbadense L. cultivar Surkhan-106. Sterilized seeds were germinated in vitro, and hypocotyl and cotyledon explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various auxin/cytokinin combinations. Robust callus induction was achieved from hypocotyl explants within 2–3 weeks. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from callus after approximately 12–14 weeks on medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Embryogenic callus was periodically subcultured to prevent browning, and torpedo-stage somatic embryos were matured on hormone-free medium. These embryos germinated into plantlets within 10–15 days on MS medium. The entire regeneration cycle, from seed to plantlet, was completed in about 4–5 months. Hypocotyl explants showed significantly higher callus formation frequency (85%) and regeneration efficiency than cotyledon explants (60%) (ANOVA, p < 0.05). This study establishes the first efficient callus-based regeneration system for Surkhan-106, an important Uzbek cotton variety. The optimized protocol can facilitate rapid clonal propagation and genetic transformation of Surkhan-106 and other recalcitrant cotton cultivars, accelerating breeding programs for improved stress tolerance and yield.

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• Molecular and physiological indicators of heat tolerance in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)
  Abrorjon Y. Kurbonov, Mohigul Abdullayeva, Feruza F. Mamedova, Muxammad-Latif M. Nazirov, Naima Sh. Khojaqulova, Sanjar Sh. Djumaev, Yashin Babayev, Sayfulla Boboyev
  Journal of Plant Interactions.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Naturally Colored and Elite Upland Cotton Germplasm
  Abrorjon Y. Kurbonov, Feruza F. Mamedova, Sanjar Sh. Djumayev, Mukhammad Latif M. Nazirov, Naima Sh. Xojakulova, Maftuna U. Makhmudova, Ozod S. Turaev
  Journal of Natural Fibers.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Speed breeding in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L): scientific foundations and integrated implementation of a next-generation cotton breeding platform
  Abrorjon Y. Kurbonov, Feruza F. Mamedova, Rayhona M. Isayeva, Ural A. Khamirayev, Shengli Liu, Wang Lizhi, Sabir P. Makhmadjanov, Amandyk K. Kostakov, Amangeldy I. Aliyev, Olzhas A. Kostak, Djanibek S. Makhmadjanov
  Frontiers in Plant Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis [Willd.] Ohwi & Ohashi) has recently become widely cultivated in Asia. Generally, it is sensitive to flooding stress. Wild relatives of adzuki bean have shown higher tolerances to abiotic stressors than cultivars, but their responses to flooding are not well understood. In this study, the waterlogging tolerance levels of 202 accessions from two cultivated Vigna species including V. angularis var. angularis (cultivated adzuki bean), V. umbellata (rice bean), and two wild ones consisting of V. angularis var. nipponensis (wild adzuki bean), and V. nakashimae, were evaluated at the early vegetative stage using a foliar damage score. Additionally, the responses of 119 accessions from V. angularis var. nipponesis bean and V. nakashimae to submergence at the germination stage were evaluated using germination-related traits. Among the tested species, cultivated adzuki bean showed the lowest tolerance to waterlogging, while V. nakashimae showed the greatest. At the germination stage, seeds of V. nakashimae were more tolerant of submergence than seeds of V. angularis var. nipponesis, exhibiting significantly higher normal seedling indexes. There was no significant correlation between the early vegetative-stage index and either germination-stage index for both V. angularis var. nipponensis and V. nakashimae, suggesting that the genetic bases regulating flooding stress responses at the two growth stages differ. However, we identified four V. nakashimae accessions that exhibited tolerant or very tolerant responses to flooding at both stages, suggesting their potential for use in breeding flood-tolerant adzuki bean varieties.

Rice blast, caused by the pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is a highly destructive disease of rice that leads to significant reductions in crop yield each year and poses a serious threat to rice production worldwide. Utilizing R genes to develop resistant varieties continues to be the most cost-effective and efficient approach for managing rice blast. Molecular screening of important blast resistance genes of rice and their allelic diversity were assessed in forty eight wild and local rice genotypes of Bangladesh using ten previously synthesized gene-based SSR markers. A varying range between 18.7% to 87.5% was seen in the genetic frequencies of ten key blast resistance genes. Fourteen genotypes possessed maximum eight blast resistance genes while, nine of the genotypes had seven blast resistance genes. Nine genotypes contained six blast resistance genes and five genotypes had a minimum of two blast resistance genes. At least five positive pieces of the predicted product size were occupied by thirty-five genotypes, among total forty eight genotypes. These findings are important for identifying and incorporating functional resistance genes from Bangladeshi local germplasms into the elite cultivars by using marker-assisted selection and providing better resistance to blast. Marker analysis of resistant and susceptible genotypes using ten RAPD showed that, markers OPA 5, OPF 9 and OPH 18 clearly differentiate resistant genotypes BAU dhan-3 from susceptible genotypes BRRI dhan 28 and BRRI dhan 29 indicating the potentiality of these markers to identify blast resistant rice genotypes and use in marker assisted breeding (MAB) to develop blast resistant high yielding rice varieties in Bangladesh.

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• Genetic diversity and identification of blast resistance genes through SSR markers in Bangladeshi aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces
  Sumi Saha, Md Mamunur Rashid, Rabeya Khatun, Md Sams-Al Safin, Sohana Jui, Mst Tanjina Shahanaj Turin, Md Mamunur Rashid, Md Arifuzzaman
  Ecological Genetics and Genomics.2026; 39: 100481.     CrossRef
• Development of multiple disease resistant rice variety through marker assisted selection
  Mohammad Abdul Latif, Md Omar Kayess, Rakibul Hasan, A.L. Nayeem
  Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports.2026; 48: 102781.     CrossRef

Eleusine indica (goosegrass) is a widespread invasive species that poses a significant threat to global agriculture, particularly due to its evolving resistance to glyphosate. While resistance mechanisms such as the Pro106 mutation in the 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene are well-characterized, mechanisms can vary significantly by geography. This study investigated the molecular basis of glyphosate resistance in a Korean genotype of E. indica. Unlike genotype reported in other regions, such as Mexico, no Pro106 mutation was detected in the EPSPS gene of the Korean samples. However, Target Site Resistance (TSR) was suggested to be mediated by significant overexpression of EPSPS in glyphosate-treated plants compared to controls. Concurrently, Non-Target Site Resistance (NTSR) mechanisms played a critical role; differential expression analysis revealed the upregulation of key detoxification gene families, including Cytochrome P450s (CYP450), Glutathione S-transferases (GST), and Glycosyltransferases (GT). Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses indicated a metabolic shift involving the activation of glutathione metabolism and MAPK signaling, coupled with a suppression of photosynthesis-related pathways, suggesting an energy reallocation strategy for survival. These findings demonstrate that glyphosate resistance in Korean E. indica is likely mediated by a complex interplay of EPSPS overexpression and metabolic adaptation, underscoring the importance of understanding regional genetic diversity for developing effective weed management strategies.

Carbohydrates and genetic factors influence cell division in citrus fruits from ovule cultures. Here, we investigated the effects of various carbohydrate sources (sorbitol, maltose, galactose, and lactose) on cell proliferation, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration in three Citrus unshiu cultivars (‘Miyagawa wase’ [MW], ‘Haryejosaeng’ [HW], and ‘Nankan 20 gou’ [NW]), and one C. reticulata cultivar (‘Ootaponkan’ [PM]). In PM, carbohydrate sources did not affect proliferation; MW showed a significant but marginal increase in media containing 300 mM mannitol. It also proliferated well in media supplemented with 300 mM sorbitol and a mixture of galactose and lactose. NW achieved the best rate with 100 mM mannitol and 146 mM lactose, whereas HW proliferated well with 100 mM mannitol alone. Phylogenetic analysis using 18 citrus varieties showed distinct genetic differences among the cultivars, suggesting that the differences in regeneration capacities in different carbohydrate sources could be attributed to their genetic differences. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing tissue culture protocols for mandarin varieties and may enhance the efficiency of citrus breeding and tissue culture applications.

This study aimed to enhance the Inpari 42 rice variety by integrating the aromatic trait through Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MAB) while improving key agronomic characteristics in the BC₁F₁ generation. The aromatic gene from Merah Wangi was successfully introgressed into BC₁F₁ plants, confirmed through molecular analysis using the Bradbury marker, which detects mutations in the BADH2 gene responsible for fragrance in rice. Thirty BC₁F₁ plants with a heterozygous mutation in BADH2 were identified, demonstrating the reliability of MAB in maintaining the aromatic trait across generations. Agronomic evaluations revealed that BC₁F₁ plants exhibited intermediate flowering time, increased plant height, and longer panicles compared to the parental lines. Additionally, BC₁F₁ plants showed enhanced tillering capacity, more productive tillers, and higher grain yield per plant, indicating the successful integration of desirable traits from both parents. The next step in this research is to conduct further backcrosses with Inpari 42 to develop a stable aromatic variety, combining the high-yielding characteristics of Inpari 42 with the aromatic traits of Merah Wangi. These findings highlight the potential of BC₁F₁ lines for developing high-yielding aromatic rice varieties suitable for diverse agricultural settings.

Black sapote (Diospyros digyna Jacq.) is a fruit that is rich in benefits and has high economic value. However, the sex of this plant is difficult to determine early, and data on the plant is still very limited. This qualitative quantitative research was conducted to identify the genetic diversity of black sapote based on RAPD marker to determine the sex of black sapote plants. The sample used consisted of seven black sapote accessions with sample codes including P, M1, M2, M3, F1, F2, and F3. This research consists of several stages, namely DNA extraction and PCR amplification using six RAPD primers (OPA 02, OPA 05, OPA 08, OPA 09, OPC 09, and OPD 15), including electrophoresis to visualize amplified DNA. Data were analyzed using NTSYS 2.02 software and dendogram were obtained using the UPGMA method in the SAHN function. The results of the analysis showed that the polymorphism resulting from the seven black sapote accessions ranged from 50–80%, with PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) values ranging from 0.28–0.50. The closest related accessions are M1 with F2, while accession P with F2 has the highest genetic diversity. The OPA 02 primer with a band measuring 380 bp can be used as a putative marker in the determination of the female sex and hermaphrodite of black sapote plants.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.), a valuable medicinal plant with economic importance, serves as a source of both therapeutic compounds and vegetable oil for human use. Genome editing techniques have been widely applied to improve key agronomic traits in various species. Therefore, this study aims to develop an efficient method for seed sterilization and protoplast isolation in milk thistle. For seed sterilization, seed treated with hydrogen peroxide for either 4 hours or 7 hours with ethanol and detergent showed more sufficient to sterilize seed of milk thistle for in vitro growth than ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorine gas. For protoplast isolation in milk thistle, high-yielding, viable protoplasts were successfully isolated from the leaves of 21-day-old plants using a 2 hours enzymatic treatment containing 2% Viscozyme^® L, 1% Celluclast^® 1.5 L, and 1% Pectinex^® Ultra SP-L. Additionally, transient expression of green fluorescent protein was observed following polyethylene glycol-mediated transfection. Therefore, the seed sterilization and protoplast isolation methods developed in this study can facilitate in vitro culture, gene function analysis, and genome editing aimed at improving agronomic traits in milk thistle.

This research was conducted to evaluate the contribution of four candidate genes — CsABA2 (CsGy5G015450), CsLRR-RPK2 (CsGy5G015660), CsPM5.2 (CsGy5G015960), and CsaMLO8 (CsGy5G026660) — to powdery mildew (PM) resistance in cucumber germplasms. For this purpose, fifty-four germplasms, consisting of thirty-three breeding lines and twenty-one landraces from fourteen diverse origins, were evaluated for PM-resistance at the adult plant stage and genotyped using molecular markers associated with the four PM-resistance-related genes. According to the phenotypic assessment, sixteen germplasms were susceptible, nineteen germplasms exhibited intermediate-resistant, and nineteen germplasms demonstrated resistant to PM. The results from phenotypic evaluation and genotyping analysis indicated that among the PM-susceptible germplasms, 50% of CsLRR-RPK2, 31% of CsABA2, 25% of CsaMLO8, and 18% of CsPM5.2 had inconsistent genotypes. Genotype inconsistencies among PM-resistant germplasms were observed in 16% of CsLRR-RPK2, 16% of CsABA2, 10% of CsaMLO8, and 10% of CsPM5.2. This study showed that the combination of CsPM5.2 and CsaMLO8 alleles is more effective and beneficial for PM-resistance breeding programs in cucumber. And also, this suggests there is a relationship between PM-resistance and the genotype of a combination of PM-resistance candidate genes. The findings of the genotyping and PM-phenotypic evaluation of the current study may improve selection accuracy in breeding for PM-resistance in cucumber.

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene-edited (GEd) crops have demonstrated significant potential to enhance global food security in the face of escalating climate challenges and rapid population growth. Since 2019, for regulatory purposes, the United States (U.S.) and several other countries have recognized transgene-free, genome-edited lines as equivalent to conventionally bred varieties. Notably, the first genome-edited food product, Calyno™ soybean oil, was commercialized in the U.S. and marketed as a non-genetically modified organism (GMO) item. Recently, regulatory frameworks, such as the enactment of the Precision Breeding Law in the United Kingdom, the European Union’s New Genomic Techniques (NGT) legislation, and the repeal of the SECURE Rule in the United States, have further established guidelines permitting the use of genome-edited lines in agriculture similar to with conventionally bred crops, provided that these lines are free of transgenic elements. In Korea, researchers and policymakers are actively engaging in discussions to establish a preliminary review committee for GEd crops to align regulatory practices with international trade standards. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate two gene-edited rice lines for generational stability in terms of molecular characteristics, focusing on edited nucleotide sequences, gene expression, target phenotypes, the presence of transgene elements, and potential off-target effects across multiple generations. Additionally, several technical challenges in nucleotide editing tracing emerged during the evaluation process that warrant further attention. The findings presented in this study are expected to offer valuable insights for shaping the regulatory framework in Korea for CRISPR-based gene-edited crops.

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• CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice: An Omics Guided Perspective
  Mahavir Joshi, Pari Panwar, Smile Sharma, Bharat Sagar, Sukhminderjit Kaur, Manikant Tripathi
  Molecular Biotechnology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Literature horizon scan for new scientific data on plants, microorganisms and animals, and their products obtained by new genomic techniques (March 2026)
  Michele Ardizzone, Fulvio Barizzone, Martina Bonatti, Alice Branchi, Tilemachos Goumperis, Dafni Maria Kagkli, Paolo Lenzi, Aleksandra Lewandowska, Ana M. Camargo, Irene Pilar Munoz Guajardo, Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Tommaso Raffaello
  EFSA Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

This research attempted to validate novel molecular markers linked to high antioxidant traits using an F₂ population and a local Thai rice population. We performed total flavonoid content, total phenolic content (TPC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays to assess the antioxidant capacities of rice populations. In the F₂ (“Pathum Thani 1”דHawm Mali Daeng”) population, these traits exhibited a quantitative distribution with high heritability (82.7%–98.3%) and high genetic advance (66%–94%). In validation using 10 molecular markers, OsRc and In1-Rc displayed polymorphism in parent cultivars and in bulked segregant analysis. However, only OsRc had strong associations with TPC (R² = 52.2%, p < 0.001) and FRAP (R² = 43.0%, p < 0.001), whereas In1-Rc featured no significant associations (R² ≤ 0.1%). When verified in Thai rice cultivars, OsRc could discriminate red pericarp rice cultivars with high antioxidant properties from white pericarp cultivars with low antioxidant activity, confirming its efficiency in selecting antioxidant traits in rice. These findings indicate that OsRc is a functional marker for selecting rice lines with high antioxidant activity, thereby facilitating early-stage genotyping in rice breeding programs.

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• Genome-wide association study of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity in a panel of Thai rice cultivars
  Saranyu Thaworn, Phanomsak Tomjai, Teerapong Buaboocha, Supachitra Chadchawan, Monnat Pongpanich, Chanita Paliyavuth, Waraluk Kasettranan
  Euphytica.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice poses significant health risks to consumers. This study aimed to reduce Cd accumulation in the elite Vietnamese rice variety TBR225 (TBR225) by editing the Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 5 (OsNRAMP5) gene using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR- associated 9 (Cas9) technology. We successfully generated OsNRAMP5 knockout mutants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Sequencing analysis revealed various mutation types, including deletions, insertions, and substitutions, all resulting in premature stop codons or frameshift mutations. Three homozygous, transgene-free mutant lines were selected for further analysis. These lines exhibited significantly reduced Cd accumulation in roots (78.4-84.5%), shoots (72.3-83.8%), and grains (50.5-66.0%) compared to wild-type plants when exposed to different Cd concentrations. Importantly, the OsNRAMP5 mutations did not adversely affect major agronomic traits, including growth time, plant height, tiller number, grain yield, or amylose content. Additionally, the accumulation of essential micronutrients such as Fe and Zn remained unaffected in the mutant lines. Our results demonstrate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated OsNRAMP5 editing as an effective strategy for developing low-Cd accumulating rice varieties without compromising agronomic performance or nutritional quality. This approach could significantly contribute to enhancing food safety in regions facing Cd contamination challenges.

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• Genome editing in rice: toward climate-resilient, nutrient-rich yields
  Xin Huang, Wenshu He, Ludovic Bassie, Paul Christou, Teresa Capell
  Trends in Plant Science.2026; 31(7): 925.     CrossRef
• CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Multi-Stress Resilience and Prospects for Agricultural Sustainability
  Abdul Malik, Nur Ardiyana Rejab, Muhamad Afiq Aziz
  Journal of Crop Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants Using CRISPR Cas: From Molecular Targets to Physiological Resilience
  Komal Sharma, Upma Bhatt, Vineet Soni
  Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition.2026; 26(2): 4593.     CrossRef
• Exploring Flooding Challenges, Causes, and Mitigation Strategies in Rice
  Abdoul-Razak Oumarou Mahamane, Junior S. Kamara, Moise Hubert Byiringiro, Alpha Sow, Khaled F. M. Salem
  International Journal of Genomics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Liebig Review: Essential and Beneficial Elements in the Regulation of Cadmium Uptake and Tolerance in Crop Plants
  Maria Manzoor, Karl Hermann Mühling
  Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science.2026; 189(4): 429.     CrossRef
• CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice: An Omics Guided Perspective
  Mahavir Joshi, Pari Panwar, Smile Sharma, Bharat Sagar, Sukhminderjit Kaur, Manikant Tripathi
  Molecular Biotechnology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Low Cadmium Accumulating Potato Varieties for Safe Food Production: Mechanisms, Genetic Targets, and Integrated Agronomic Strategies
  Ghulam Rasool, Hongyan Liu, Aamir Riaz, Muhammad Saif Ullah
  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2026; 74(33): 25863.     CrossRef
• Precision breeding for climate-resilient rice: Integrating CRISPR, prime editing, artificial intelligence, and microbiome engineering
  Daud Ali Shah, Muhammad Usama Younas, Zameer Hussain Jamali, Lingshang Lin, Usman Zulfiqar, Mohammed S. Alotaibi, Mayank Anand Gururani, Shahidin
  Plant Stress.2026; 24: 101528.     CrossRef
• Next-generation CRISPR systems and advanced delivery paradigms for precision crop improvement: a comparative case study in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
  Zulfiya Kachiyeva, Noman Nazik, Muniba Shahid, Rabiah Ashraf, Jawad Ul Hassan, Arshia Amin Khan, Muhammad Huzefa Khan, Huma Mushtaq, Faisal Saeed, Usman Arif, Nurlybek Karimov, Aibek Karimov, Dilyara Gritsenko, Allah Bakhsh
  Frontiers in Plant Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prime Editing of OsGS1 Confers Glufosinate Tolerance in a Korean Rice Cultivar
  Minyoung Song, Dohye Kweon, Soon-wook Kwon, Tae-Ho Ham, Joohyun Lee
  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2026; 58(3): 295.     CrossRef
• Harnessing breeding and biotechnological innovations for global food security under climate change
  Obaid Ur Rehman, Feifei Zhu, Xinjuan Hu, Xiangru Xu, Muhammad Uzair, Jiangya Qian, Sajid Fiaz, Shuhao Huo
  Functional & Integrative Genomics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Black rot, a disease of significance affecting vegetable Brassica crops, is primarily caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). When the disease spreads extensively in the field, it can lead to substantial yield losses, particularly under favorable environmental conditions. Controlling the spread of this disease is challenging, and the primary approach involves utilizing resistant cultivars or disease-free seeds. Among the various methods available for identifying different Xcc races, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based molecular markers have proven to be highly reliable. To date, the PCR method has successfully identified Xcc races 1 to 7. In this study, molecular markers were developed for races 4 and 9 through the sequencing and alignment of the whole genome sequences of Xcc races, closely related Xanthomonas campestris (Xc) pathovars, and two Xanthomonas species. These designed markers were subsequently validated by PCR with bacterial genomic DNA samples from Xcc races and 7 other bacteria. The results indicated successful amplification only for race 4 and race 9, yielding amplicon sizes of 1080 bp and 830 bp, respectively, while the other strains failed to amplify. Furthermore, the amplicons from races 4 and 9 were cloned and sequenced, confirming that both races exhibited matching sequences after alignment. Consequently, the molecular marker method offers a rapid and efficient means of differentiating between Xcc races 4 and 9 within a few hours, presenting itself as a viable alternative to conventional methods that rely on the use of differential cultivars of Brassicaceae for identifying Xcc races.

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• Development of molecular markers for the detection of Paracidovorax citrulli strains causing bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon
  San Ha Choe, Nihar Sahu, Ijaz Yaseen, Se Hyeon Jeong, Gyoung Hee Kim, Jong In Park, Hoy Taek Kim
  Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology.2026; 48(3): 220.     CrossRef
• An update to the molecular identification of Xanthomonas campestris disease causing pathogens in crucifers – A mini review
  Nihar Sahu, Masao Watanabe, Jong-In Park
  Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology.2026; 142: 103102.     CrossRef
• Molecular marker development for specific amplification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris race 8 causing black rot disease in Brassica crops
  Sopheap Mao, Yeo-Hyeon Kim, Nihar Sahu, Su-Won Kim, Hoy-Taek Kim, Masao Watanabe, Jong-In Park
  Journal of General Plant Pathology.2025; 91(1): 31.     CrossRef

Elaeis guineensis is a tropical oil plant with the highest oil yield per unit area in the world. The Tenera hybrid is the most valuable variety for cultivation compared to the parent varieties Dura and Pisifera. It is difficult to select for the morphological characteristics of the oil palm cultivar in oil palm seedlings at the nursery stage; thus, the development of a molecular marker is necessary. In the present study, a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker was developed that yields 159-bp and 195-bp fragments specific for female and male parents, respectively. Sequence alignment revealed that the 159-bp fragment has a 36-bp deletion. Molecular characterization of the fragments reveals that the sequence is identical to the ALBINO3-like protein 2 (EgALB3.2) and is localized on chromosome 16 of the E. guineensis genome with expression noted in the kernel/endosperm of Tenera fruits only. These markers help in the selection of oil palm hybrids codominantly expressing both fragments; thus, heterozygous individuals can be distinguished from homozygous individuals. The SCAR-specific marker could therefore be used to distinguish oil palm hybrids from their parents by PCR. Moreover, these specific SCAR primers can be used directly to identify the oil palm hybrids without the need for postprocessing steps, and the specific fragments can be detected using an automated sequencer and real-time PCR. This marker-assisted selection is sensitive and suitable for the identification of oil palms in breeding programs.

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• Characterization and interaction analysis of Eg14-3-3s involved in oil biosynthesis for MAS in Elaeis guineensis
  Supanut Rueangpotjanapruek, Alisa Nakkaew
  Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Plant breeding relies on genetic variation to produce new and improved cultivars. One way to obtain novel traits is by inducing mutations. The present study aimed to create a Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant mutagenized wheat population using ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and identify mutant resistance to FCR and FHB, which could provide a starting point for resistance breeding. The optimal mutagenesis conditions were determined based on the germination percentage. This study used six Chinese wheat cultivars, namely Jimai22, Hengguan35, Shixin828, Gaoyou2018, Keiwei20, and Keiwei18, to create a mutant population by treating them with EMS. For Shixin828, the optimal condition was 0.8% EMS with a 50-55% germination rate. For Hengguan35 and Jimai22, it was 0.6% EMS. For Gaoyou2018 and Kewei20, it was 0.8% and 0.4-0.6%, respectively. The FCR disease index of the mutant lines (M₁) ranged from 10.00 to 77.67. For M₂, the number of individual mutant plants demonstrating resistance to FCR varied from 76 to 102. In M₃, 570 healthy plants were obtained using various EMS concentrations. The mutant line Kewei18 demonstrated the most resistance to FCR, FHB, and Deoxynivalenol (DON) infection. Kewei20 mutants had a higher FHB susceptibility than other mutants. Overall, mutants from the Kewei18 genetic background displayed better disease resistance to both diseases and DON contamination than natural plants. Mutants with or moderate resistance to FCR and FHB could be used in breeding and genetic studies to identify FHB and FCR-resistant Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) in wheat.

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• Pan-omics and modern biotechnology driven dissection of wheat stress adaptation: Integrative strategies for climate-smart crop improvement
  Syed Riaz Ahmed, Jahangir Khan, Zeba Ali, Ijaz Rasul, Yongming Liu, Milan Skalicky, Daniel K.Y. Tan
  Plant Stress.2026; 23: 101506.     CrossRef
• Mutation breeding: an underutilized strategy for improving finger millet productivity and nutritional quality
  Maltase Mutanda, Sandiswa Figlan, Nemera G. Shargie, Eastonce T. Gwata
  Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• GAMMA RAY-INDUCED MUTAGENESIS IN FORAGE CROPS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
  B Putra, Harmini -, J Sirait, J Nulik, D.K. Hau, S Bahar, W Darwiati, D.J. Polakitan, Zubir -, S Agustini, R.F. Suneth, R.A. Saptati, K Simanihuruk
  The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences.2025; (1): 1.     CrossRef
• Enhancing drought tolerance in malting and forage barley through mutagenesis
  Dianey Celeste Cruz-Muñoz, Myriam Guadalupe Rodríguez-Gandarilla, Miguel Angel Avila-Perches, Rafael Urrea-López, Julio Armando Massange-Sánchez
  Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology.2025; 28(4): 521.     CrossRef