In this study, molecular-genetic analyses were carried out to identify resistance to yellow rust (
The storage proteins in wheat, particularly the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), play crucial roles in the processing of flour and the quality of bread made from common wheat. These subunits are encoded by the
Citations
Bread wheat
Citations
Understanding the genetics underlying heading date and yield-related traits is essential in wheat breeding for maximizing productivity under different environments. Using doubled haploid lines derived from two Korean wheat cultivars, we identified seven stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield-related traits, i.e., days to heading date (
Citations
A resurrection has started in haploid and double haploid research in the twenty-first century. The haploid and double haploid could be achieved through in vivo and in vitro anther and microspore culture techniques. Fixing the homozygosity is the most striking benefit of androgenesis. Various factors like genotypic dependency, growth condition, developmental stage of the microspore, pre-treatment, culture media, regeneration media, growth hormones, and various chemicals have a direct effect. Wheat, rice,
Citations
Grain yield in wheat is mostly governed prior to flowering during primordia development. Mature primordia development, floret fertility, and maximum grain number per spikelet are the three most important characteristics of spike development. The genes involved in primordia formation, on the other hand, have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate molecular characterization of
Salinity is the most significant constraint to wheat cultivation in the salinity-affected areas. Saline-prone soils can be brought under cultivation by the development of salt-tolerant lines through molecular breeding aided by diversity analysis and molecular screening. The study aimed to screen for salinity tolerance and elucidate the extent of diversity among 75 wheat varieties and accessions. This molecular analysis and detection used 21 linked SSR markers. The study identified 202 alleles in 75 genotypes of wheat, giving 9.6 alleles on an average for salt tolerance screening. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.7599 and the Nei’s (1973) gene diversity of 0.7856 were recorded. The accessions possess higher gene diversity and PIC than the cultivars. The average genetic similarity matrix coefficient was 0.60 within the range of 0.19 and 1.00. Similarity indices based UPGMA cluster analysis separated the 75 germplasm into six clusters. Eight genotypes grouped in sub-cluster Ib together with the positive control BINA Gom-1. Therefore, these eight genotypes were identified as potential salt-tolerant by molecular analysis using SSR markers linked to salinity. The gene diversity estimated, and the germplasm identified as potential salt-tolerant are promising for use in wheat breeding to incorporate salt tolerance in novel cultivars by marker-assisted breeding.
Citations
Six durum and twelve bread wheat genotypes were evaluated under favorable and drought-stressed field conditions, and screened with thirty simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. The traits studied were stomata frequency (STF), relative water content (RWC), flag leaf area (FLA), flag leaf weight (FLW), flag leaf dry matter content (FLD), chlorophyll a content (Chl.a), chlorophyll b content (Chl.b), grain yield/plant (GYP) and 1000-kerenl weight (TKW). Highly significant differences were observed among wheat genotypes for all the traits, indicating considerable genetic variation. Moderate to high broad-sense heritability estimates were observed for the studied traits. Under drought stress, GYP was positively correlated with RWC, FLA, FLW and TKW, whereas negatively correlated with STF. G3 (Svevo) and G6 (WK-12-1) were the most drought-tolerant durum wheat, whereas G11 (L.S-15) and G16 (SIDS-1) were the most drought-tolerant bread wheat genotypes. SSR markers analysis indicated considerable genetic variation between and within durum and bread wheat genotypes. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 14.3% (Xgwm174-5D) to 100% (Xgwm294-2A and Xgwm573-7B), with an average of 61.4%. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.20 (Xwmc596-7A) to 0.48 (Xgwm294-2A), with an average of 0.33.The highest polymorphism (77.1%) was observed in the B genome followed by A (57.8%) and D (50.0%) genomes. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic data distinguished the most drought-tolerant genotypes (G6 and G11) from the remaining genotypes. Cluster analysis based on SSR markers distinguished durum from bread wheat genotypes. The study indicated that phenotypic data and SSR markers were effective in assessing the genetic diversity in the studied genotypes.
Citations
One of approaches to maintain the yield stability of the lowland tropical wheat is the use of secondary traits in the selection process. The identification of these characters requires a statistical approach in the form of genetic parameter analysis and multivariate analysis. The
objective
of this study was to determine the secondary traits of adaptive wheat mutants in the lowlands through the use of genetic parameters and multivariate analysis on the parameters. The study consisted of three field trials conducted in three different regencies, namely Jeneponto (135 m above sea level (asl)), Maros (100 m asl) and Bantaeng (125 m asl). The study used a nested design, where replications were nested in the environments. The genotype factors consisted of 20 genotypes repeated three times. 11 characters were observed including vegetative and reproductive characters. The analysis used consisted of repeatability, correlation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis, and cross print analysis. The overall results of the analysis indicate that the number of productive tillers is the main secondary trait for the selection of adaptive wheat in the lowlands. The character can be recommended for selection criteria in testing wheat lines in the lowlands to make an effective selection.
Citations
Pathogens are the major causes of wheat crop yield losses, including the fungus
Citations
Wheat is globally an important cereal crop. Environmental stress, especially drought stress can play an important role in the reduction of plant growth, specifically during germination in arid and semi-arid regions. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treated hydroponic conditions create negative osmotic potential which is compared with moisture deficit stress. The main
objective
of this study was to investigate the effects of PEG 6000 induced moderate osmotic stress on germination indices of 22 wheat varieties. In order to study the effects of osmotic stress on germination indices in wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted, using a completely randomized design with three replications under two different levels of PEG-6000: 0% and 10%. PEG stress significantly reduced percent germination, shoot length and root length. PEG stress significantly increased root-shoot ratio and oven dry weight. Principal component analysis revealed response of traits of tolerant wheat varieties under osmotic stress. Correlation study revealed the significant relationships among germination indices. The variety BARI Gom-30 recorded comparatively higher root length (6 cm), shoot length (7.8 cm), root-shoot ratio (1.37) followed by the variety Sonalika whereas the variety Kalaysona recorded the lowest root length (2.7 cm) and shoot length (2.8 cm) under PEG stress. Evolved information of this research including selected traits such as germination percentage, root-shoot ratio and dry weight of seedlings could be exploited in wheat breeding program for drought and osmotic stress tolerance.
Citations
Buckwheat sprouts are used as a functional food in several countries owing to their soft and slightly crispy texture and attractive fragrance. They possess excellent anti-oxidant activity and are rich in amino acids, minerals, and flavonoids; however, sprout growth and flavonoid content may vary among buckwheat germplasms. The present study was performed to evaluate 87 common and 13 tartary buckwheat germplasms for sprout growth traits and rutin and quercetin content. We found that the common type buckwheat sprouts had considerably higher leaf length and width, fresh shoot weight, and extract weight than those of tartary buckwheat sprouts, but the rutin and quercetin content was significantly higher in tartary buckwheat sprouts. The rutin content ranged from 323.7 to 750.6 mg/ 100 g DW in common buckwheat sprouts and 2220 to 3185 mg/100 g DW in tartary buckwheat sprouts. Similarly, the quercetin content ranged from 0.27 to 1.82 and 4.76 to 30.41 mg/100 g DW in common and tartary buckwheat sprouts, respectively. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between the growth traits and rutin content in common buckwheat sprouts, whereas, the leaf length of tartary buckwheat sprouts showed a significant positive correlation with the rutin content. This information can be used by plant breeders and plant geneticists to study the genetic and genomic approaches for buckwheat breeding program.
Citations
Since traditional taxonomic studies possess intrinsic limitations with plant species identification, combinations of DNA barcodes have been considered a powerful tool to discover undetected genetic variation within species across large geographic areas, providing more precise estimates of biodiversity. However, the lack of efficient and universal markers is often considered a peculiar challenge in molecular taxonomic studies across plant taxa. Similarly, many loci have been proposed for DNA barcodes; still standardizing regions as a DNA barcode is vital for making them efficiently discriminate plant species. In this study, we tested the phylogenetic utility of nuclear (nrDNA) region (ITS2) with chloroplast (cpDNA) regions (
Citations
Two consecutive cycles of selection were imposed on five F2 populations of bread wheat. The first cycle was a divergent selection for spike length conducted in favorable environment (optimal sowing date) and the response was measured under favorable and heat stress conditions of a late sowing date. Positive responses to selection for longer spikes were obtained under favorable (13.43%) heat stress (8.66%) conditions, whereas the responses for shorter spikes were 2.24 and 5.02% in the two environments, respectively. The realized heritability of spike length was greater under favorable conditions (0.25–0.56) than under heat stress (0.18–0.41). Concurrent positive responses to selection for longer spikes were obtained in grain yield per spike under favorable (25.35%) and heat stress (13.65%) environments. Selection for greater number of grains per spike imposed on F3 plants selected for spike length under heat stress resulted in significant responses (14.65%). Selection for greater number of grains per spike resulted in correlated responses in grain yield per spike (17.64%). The concurrent positive responses produced in spike length in F4 with selection for number of grains per spike (averaged 9.20%) was almost equal to that produced by the direct selection in F3 (8.66%), indicating that selection advance effected in F3 has been maintained in F4. High F4/F3 regression was obtained for spike length under heat stress (b = 0.85 ± 0.07), indicating high heritability. In conclusion, phenotypic selection for longer spikes under heat stress followed by a cycle of selection for number of grains per spike was capable of improving heat tolerance in wheat.
Citations
Production of spring wheat, the major crop in Mongolia, accounts for 98% of the cultivated area. Understanding genetic variability in existing gene bank accessions is critical for collection, conservation and use of wheat germplasms. To determine genetic diversity and population structure among a representative collection of Mongolian local wheat cultivars and lines, 200 wheat accessions were analyzed with 15 SSR markers distributed throughout the wheat genome. A total of 85 alleles were detected, with three to five alleles per locus and a mean genetic richness of 5.66. Average genetic diversity index was 0.69, with values ranging from 0.37–0.80. The 200 Mongolian wheat accessions were mainly divided into two subgroups based on structure and phylogenetic analyses, and some phenotypes were divergent by the subgroups. Results from this study will provide valuable information for conservation and sustainable use of Mongolian wheat genetic resources.
Citations
The allelic variations at the
Citations
Drought is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting wheat production and development of tolerant genotypes is limited by the lack of effective selection criteria. A genetic analysis of drought tolerance indices at seedling stage (i.e. root length, shoot length, root/shoot ratio and seedling dry weight) was performed for a seven-parent half diallel cross of bread wheat (
Citations
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat reduces grain yield and has deleterious effects on wheat flour quality. PHS resistance is strongly associated with grain color and seed dormancy. Resistance to PHS is a priority of wheat breeding program. We have studied a population of 122 Doubled Haploid (DH) lines from the cross between two cultivars, ‘Keumkang’ and ‘Olgeuru’, in order to detect QTLs correlated with PHS resistance. PHS was evaluated using mist spray in the humid chamber (PHS-MS), and the germination index (GI) was determined for two years. The variety ‘Keumkang’ has white grains and higher percentage of PHS rate (30.2%), while ‘Olgeuru’ has red grains and lower PHS rate (2.8%). There was significant difference in grain color according to the GI. PHS-MS was positively correlated with GI (r = 0.732,
Citations
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a molecular marker technique based on DNA and is extremely useful in detection of high polymorphism between closely related genotypes like Korean wheat cultivars. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) have been developed from inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis which enabled the identification and differentiation of 13 Korean wheat cultivars from the other cultivars. We used six combinations of primer sets in our AFLP analysis for developing additional cultivar-specific markers in Korean wheat. Fifty-eight of the AFLP bands were isolated from EA-ACG/MA-CAC, EA-AGC/MA-CTG and EA-AGG/MA-CTA primer combinations. Of which 40 bands were selected to design SCAR primer pairs for Korean wheat cultivar identification. Three of 58 amplified primer pairs, KWSM006, KWSM007 and JkSP, enabled wheat cultivar identification. Consequently, 23 of 32 Korean wheat cultivars were classified by eight SCAR marker sets.
Citations
Common wheat (
Citations
To utilize the favorable gene(s) from winter wheat for genetic improvement of spring wheat, this study was carried out to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with grain protein content (GPC) and grain hardness (GH) by analysis of recombinant inbred lines (RILS) derived from a cross between spring wheat and spring version of winter wheat. A genetic map of 334 loci was constructed which covered 1575.30cM on all 21 chromosomes. Two QTLs on 3B and 5B chromosome were detected for GPC. A QTL identified barc77 on chromosome 3B had additive effect of 0.17 and the other QTL identified by gwm499 on chromosome 5B had additive effect of 0.19. There were two major QTLs for GH identified on Chromosome 1B and chromosome 5A. The QTL on 1B was localized within a 18.7cM region flanked by wmc719 and wmc367-1 with 1.75 additive effect. The QTL on chromosome 5A flanked by SNP markers, IWA6573 and IWA2363, had additive effect of 1.44.
Citations
Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) is a technique that leads to the development of novel specific molecular markers and relationship analysis between species. In this study, 54 ISSRs were used to develop cultivar-specific DNA sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) for Korean wheat cultivars (
Citations
Vacuolar proteins are associated with various functions, such as germination and programmed cell death (PCD) activity. Precursors of most vacuolar proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER). They are transported to the vacuoles, and converted into the mature forms. Vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) is responsible for maturation of vacuolar proteins. Intensive studies revealed that VPE-mediated system is important for vacuolar functions in plant. However, the role and mechanism of VPE still remain to be elucidated, especially in wheat. Here, we isolated three putative wheat VPE genes which were designated as
Citations
First
Prev
