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Research Article

Differential Expression of Flowering Genes between Rapid- and Slow-Cycling Brassica rapa

Hayong Song1, Xiangshu Dong1,3, Hankuil Yi1, Ill-Sup Nou2, Yoonkang Hur1,*
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 2016;4(2):145-157.
Published online: May 31, 2016

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*Corresponding author: Yoonkang Hur, ykhur@cnu.ac.kr, Tel: +82-42-821-6279, Fax: +82-42-822-9690
• Received: May 5, 2016   • Revised: May 15, 2016   • Accepted: May 17, 2016

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Differential Expression of Flowering Genes between Rapid- and Slow-Cycling Brassica rapa
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2016;4(2):145-157.   Published online May 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2016.4.2.145
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Differential Expression of Flowering Genes between Rapid- and Slow-Cycling Brassica rapa
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2016;4(2):145-157.   Published online May 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2016.4.2.145
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Differential Expression of Flowering Genes between Rapid- and Slow-Cycling Brassica rapa
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Functional categorization of differentially expressed genes between RCBr and Chiifu based on gene ontology dirstribution.
Fig. 2 Genes whose expression was decreased in RCBr, while increased in Chiifu. RCBr and Chiifu were grown in long-day condition condition for 19 days and shoot was sampled at 4th hour of light period.
Fig. 3 Expression of flowering- and photoperiod pathway-related genes. (A) Photoperiod for plant growth and sampling time a day. (B) Genes showing differential expression in a microarray. (C) Constance (CO) and its paralogs. BrCCA1 was used as control for circadian rhythm. LD: long-day condition, SD: short-day condition.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Differential Expression of Flowering Genes between Rapid- and Slow-Cycling Brassica rapa

List of primers used in qRT-PCR analysis.

Br_IDz) Gene Gene annotation Forward primer Reverse primer
Bra004503 BrCCA1 CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 5′-CTTATGGACCTTCCGGTGAA 5′-TTCGAGCCACAAGAAGACCT
Bra008669 BrCO CONSTANS 5′-GGCTCCTCAGGAAGTCACTACAA 5′-GCCATATCCTGTGTCATAGTACATTAGC
Bra008668 BrCOL1-1 CONSTANS LIKE-1-1 5′-GCAACAGACCAACTACCTGACC 5′-CGAAGGAACAACTCCATATCCTGTGTTG
Bra023541 BrCOL1-2 CONSTANS LIKE-1-2 5′-CAACGGAGGAATTACCTGAAGCC 5′-TGAAGGAACAATTCCATATCCTGTGTCA
Bra001043 BrCOL2-1 CONSTANS LIKE-2-1 5′-CTGTTGTGCCAGAGTCAACAGAGAG 5′-TTTGCAAAACGTCCCTTGATCCG
Bra021464 BrCOL2-2 CONSTANS LIKE-2-1 5′-CGTTAGTGTTGTGCCAGAGTCATCAAG 5′-CTATCCTCTTTGCGAAACGGCCT
Bra032061 BrCOL3 CONSTANS LIKE-3 5′-ACTTTCCCACACGGATTCAG 5′-TCGCTTAGCAAAACGTCCTT
Bra040020 BrCOL9-1 CONSTANS LIKE-9-1 5′-GTTATGCAGCACATGCAAACTCACC 5′-GCTCTCAGCTGGTTGCACTGAG
Bra029666 BrCOL9-2 CONSTANS LIKE-9-2 5′-AGCCTTTAACACCTCTGGAGAGCTA 5′-ACCGGAGAGCTGCATTGAAGAC
Bra001264 BrCOL9-3 CONSTANS LIKE-9-3 5′-CAGTTCTGCAGCACAAGCAACAA 5′-GCTCCGTTTTAGAACTCATGAACGAGTC
Bra009055 BrFLC1 FLOWERING LOCUS C 1-1 5′-TCGTCAGTCAAAAGCTTTGGACTGT 5′-TCGGAGATTTGTCCTGGTGAGACA
Bra028599 BrFLC2 FLOWERING LOCUS C 1-2 5′-CACACCATGAGCTACTAGAGCTTGTC 5′-GCAGTCGGAGAGTTACCGGAC
Bra006051 BrFLC3 FLOWERING LOCUS C 1-3 5′-CACACCATGAGCTACTAGAGCTTGTC 5′-GCAGTCGGAGAGTTACCGGAC
Bra001357 BrFLD FLOWERING LOCUS D 5′-GGAGTGAAGCTTGTGGGAAG 5′-CACCGGTCCTTTAATCCTGA
Bra023965 BrKNAT5-1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE 5-1 5′-GCCTGGAGACACAACGTCTGTG 5′-TCACATAACCGAAGGAGAAACCATGTC
Bra011317 BrKNAT5-2 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE 5-2 5′-AGAGCGGGAGAGATCCTTGC 5′-GCAAACCGGTTTCTTCAACCAGTTTC
Bra024351 BrMAF4 MADS AFFECTING FLOWEING 4 5′-CGGRAAACTCTATASCTCCTCC 5′-TTCCGATGACATTGCTCCTTCAC
Bra040518 BrMBD9 METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN 19 5′-CCTTATTCATTAGCAACTGAAGAAGGC 5′-AGCAGCCGCTGAAAGAGAAGAC
Bra006322 BrSEP1-1 SEPALLATA 1-1 5′-GCCAGCAAAGGAATCTTCTTGGG 5′-GTGATGATGCTCGTACGGAACATTC
Bra008674 BrSEP1-2 SEPALLATA 1-2 5′-CCTCTGAATTCAAAGGAGTTAGAGCAGA 5′-CACCAATCATATCATCCAGCTTCATAGC
Bra021470 BrSEP1-3 SEPALLATA 1-3 5′-CTTGGAGAGGACCTTGGACCC 5′-CTTCATTGACAAAGCACGATTGGCG
Bra039170 BrSEP1-4 SEPALLATA 1-4 5′-GCGTCAACTAGACGGCTCTCTG 5′-GTGATGATGCTCGTACGGAACATTC
Bra037544 BrVRN1 REDUCED VERNALIZATION RESPONSE 1 5′-CCGTTCAAAGTTCTACGAGAGTGC 5′-TCAGACGTACTCGTTGACTCGAWA
Bra021078 BrVRN2 REDUCED VERNALIZATION RESPONSE 2 5′-CAAGAAAGTTATCTGCTGAGCGATC 5′-TATTGCAGTTGTTGATGGTGGC

z)BRAD ID number identified by BlastN with expressed sequence tag sequence at http://brassicadb.org/brad/.

qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Transcription factors whose expressions levels were top 20 in both RCBr and Chiifu, and over two-fold in RCBr or Chiifu.

Classification At_Locus Gene annotation Br_SEQ_ID Probe intensity Fold change
RCBr Chiifu R/Cz) C/R
Top 20 in both RCBr and Chiifu AT1G78080 RAP2.4 (Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2 4) Brapa_ESTC021276 40264 40257 1.0 1.0
AT3G54810 BME3/BME3-ZF (BLUE MICROPLYLAR END3) Brapa_ESTC043727 38658 39227 1.0 1.0
AT3G15210 ATERF4/ERF4 (ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 4) Brapa_ESTC031149 38808 38636 1.0 1.0
AT1G65440 GTB1 (GLOBAL transcription factor GROUP B1) Brapa_ESTC034584 33003 38201 0.9 1.2
AT5G59820 ZAT12 | RHL41 (RESPONSIVE TO HIGH LIGHT 41) Brapa_ESTC009473 34297 37970 0.9 1.1
AT1G28370 ATERF11/ERF11 (ERF domain protein 11) Brapa_ESTC031565 37200 36359 1.0 1.0
AT1G20696 HMGB3 (HIGH MOBILITY GROUP B 3) Brapa_ESTC008254 34477 35904 1.0 1.0
Brapa_ESTC000857 35055 30406 1.2 0.9
AT1G80840 WRKY40 (WRKY DNA-binding protein 40) Brapa_ESTC014413 35089 33203 1.1 0.9
Brapa_ESTC023350 33999 31364 1.1 0.9
AT4G34410 AP2 domain-containing transcription factor, putative Brapa_ESTC044996 30380 32899 0.9 1.1
AT1G50600 SCL5 (Scarecrow-like protein 5) Brapa_ESTC017171 30623 32226 1.0 1.1
AT1G27730 ZAT10 | STZ (SALT TOLERANCE ZINC FINGER) Brapa_ESTC040097 42218 32094 1.3 0.8
AT4G10710 SPT16 (GLOBAL transcription factor C) Brapa_ESTC033093 29057 31334 0.9 1.1
AT2G37630 MYB91 | AS1 (ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1) Brapa_ESTC001152 31517 30950 1.0 1.0
AT5G52660 MYB family transcription factor Brapa_ESTC046861 38201 29175 1.3 0.8
AT1G12610 DDF1 (DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING 1) Brapa_ESTC039504 30466 29121 1.0 1.0
AT5G48150 PAT1 (PHYTOCHROME A SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 1) Brapa_ESTC021790 38241 28474 1.3 0.7
AT3G50060 MYB family transcription factor Brapa_ESTC024817 38077 28352 1.3 0.7
AT4G31550 WRKY11 (WRKY DNA-binding protein 11) Brapa_ESTC044727 29815 28222 1.1 0.9
RCBr specific AT5G21120 EIL2 (ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE 2) Brapa_ESTC037616 1460 116 12.6 .
AT2G45680 TCP family transcription factor, putative Brapa_ESTC042103 3852 377 10.2 .
AT1G26310 CAL (CAULIFLOWER) Brapa_ESTC017036 2570 287 9.0 .
AT1G15050 IAA34 (indoleacetic acid-induced protein 34) Brapa_ESTC033550 2023 250 8.1 .
AT1G76890 GT2 (GT2) Brapa_ESTC003989 1178 199 5.9 .
AT5G25390 SHN2 (Ethylene-responsive transcription factor SHINE3) Brapa_ESTC032163 1763 307 5.7 .
AT1G73830 BEE3 (BR-ENHANCED EXPRESSION 3) Brapa_ESTC019151 2796 496 5.6 .
AT5G22290 ANAC089 (Arabidopsis NAC domain containing protein 89) Brapa_ESTC021310 1579 281 5.6 .
Brapa_ESTC034036 1104 301 3.7 .
AT1G69560 MYB105 (myb domain protein 105) Brapa_ESTC040454 1409 277 5.1 .
AT5G15310 AtMYB16 (myb domain protein 16) Brapa_ESTC025442 1817 419 4.3 .
AT1G20530 Unknown (similar to bzip-related transcription factor -like) Brapa_ESTC000221 1921 497 3.9 .
AT5G60890 AtMYB34 | ATR1 (ALTERED TRYPTOPHAN REGULATION) Brapa_ESTC026773 1226 326 3.8 .
AT1G17590 CCAAT-binding transcription factor (CBF-B/NF-YA) family protein Brapa_ESTC003250 1089 302 3.6 .
AT4G33280 AP2/B3-like transcription factor Brapa_ESTC044866 1607 480 3.3 .
AT2G03060 Similar to AGL102 Brapa_ESTC019197 1325 401 3.3 .
AT3G12720 AtMYB67/AtY53 (myb domain protein 67) Brapa_ESTC042873 1358 467 2.9 .
AT5G06839 bZIP family transcription factor Brapa_ESTC045391 1162 455 2.6 .
AT4G32280 IAA29 (indoleacetic acid-induced protein 29) Brapa_ESTC035154 1126 472 2.4 .
AT1G15360 SHN1/WIN1 (SHINE1/WAX INDUCER 1) Brapa_ESTC017040 1064 464 2.3 .
Chiifu specific AT4G32040 KNAT5 (KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE 5) Brapa_ESTC025634 44 18085 . 413.2
AT5G51190 AP2 domain-containing transcription factor, putative Brapa_ESTC013139 145 12449 . 85.7
AT4G01550 ANAC069 (Arabidopsis NAC domain containing protein 69) Brapa_ESTC007789 95 7576 . 80.0
AT3G50260 CEJ1 (COOPERATIVELY REGULATED BY ETHYLENE AND JASMONATE 1) Brapa_ESTC001959 17 1102 . 66.0
AT5G60890 AtMYB34 | ATR1 (ALTERED TRYPTOPHAN REGULATION) Brapa_ESTC009043 408 22870 . 56.1
AT2G22430 ATHB6 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 6) Brapa_ESTC004579 323 13848 . 42.9
AT2G46970 PIL1 (PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE 1) Brapa_ESTC042137 108 3570 . 33.1
AT2G42780 similar to Os08g0169600 Brapa_ESTC050862 49 1577 . 32.1
AT1G49950 ATTRB1/TRB1 (TELOMERE REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 1) Brapa_ESTC051029 270 4988 . 18.5
AT4G12020 MAPKKK11 | WRKY19 (WRKY DNA-binding protein 19) Brapa_ESTC030987 149 2540 . 17.1
Brapa_ESTC037364 397 5334 . 13.4
AT5G59820 ZAT12 | RHL41 (RESPONSIVE TO HIGH LIGHT 41) Brapa_ESTC006145 106 1379 . 13.0
AT4G31800 WRKY18 (WRKY DNA-binding protein 18) Brapa_ESTC001172 320 3971 . 12.4
AT3G27810 ATMYB21 (MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 21) Brapa_ESTC008010 445 4910 . 11.0
AT3G61150 HDG1 (HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS1) Brapa_ESTC022251 201 1813 . 9.0
AT3G28920 ATHB34 (ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 34) Brapa_ESTC051903 418 3716 . 8.9
AT3G11100 Transcription factor Brapa_ESTC005968 361 2986 . 8.3
AT2G23380 CLF (CURLY LEAF) Brapa_ESTC048306 138 1075 . 7.8
AT1G71030 ATMYBL2 (Arabidopsis myb-like 2) Brapa_ESTC021435 249 1760 . 7.1
AT5G16820 HSFA1B | HSF3 (HEAT SHOCK FACTOR 3) Brapa_ESTC036030 481 1465 . 3.0
AT5G61590 AP2 domain-containing transcription factor family protein Brapa_ESTC021781 465 1249 . 2.7

z)R/C and C/R indicate the expression ratio in RCBr over Chiifu and Chiifu over RCBr, respectively. Flowering-related TF genes were omitted in this Table.

Flowering-related genes which were selected from 196 flowering genes on Br300K microarray.

Classification At_Locus Gene annotation Br_SEQ_ID Probe intensity Fold change
RCBr Chiifu R/Cz) C/R
Up-regulated genes in RCBr AT5G20240 PI (PISTILLATA) Brapa_ESTC028268 4123 43 95.0 .
Brapa_ESTC008132 6436 365 17.7 .
Brapa_ESTC034308 4875 799 6.1 .
Brapa_ESTC048371 872 163 5.3 .
Brapa_ESTC019275 3390 359 9.4 .
Brapa_ESTC048372 3473 963 3.6 .
AT5G15800 SEP1 (SEPALLATA1)/AGL2 Brapa_ESTC025908 1629 32 50.6 .
Brapa_ESTC011597 2267 94 24.2 .
Brapa_ESTC045715 7932 402 19.7 .
AT1G69120 AP1 (APETALA1)/AGL4 Brapa_ESTC040402 8412 267 31.5 .
Brapa_ESTC017264 4988 242 20.6 .
Brapa_ESTC010543 527 26 20.2 .
Brapa_ESTC008651 5851 313 18.7 .
AT3G02310 SEP2 (SEPALLATA2) Brapa_ESTC008039 5018 200 25.0 .
Brapa_ESTC005886 1654 69 24.0 .
Brapa_ESTC031079 4813 254 19.0 .
Brapa_ESTC049045 1242 197 6.3 .
AT3G54340 AP3 (APETALA 3) Brapa_ESTC010485 2902 138 21.0 .
Brapa_ESTC007881 6834 1754 3.9 .
AT4G18960 AG (AGAMOUS) Brapa_ESTC008198 1927 93 20.6 .
Brapa_ESTC018123 2371 253 9.4 .
AT1G24260 SEP3 (SEPALLATA3)/AGL9 Brapa_ESTC010831 8934 615 14.5 .
AT2G45650 AGL6 (AGAMOUS LIKE-6) Brapa_ESTC018131 2547 932 2.7 .
AT1G26310 CAL (CAULIFLOWER)/AGL10 Brapa_ESTC010942 1086 112 9.7 .
AT1G65480 FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) Brapa_ESTC017036 2570 287 9.0 .
Brapa_ESTC034579 1985 278 7.1 .
AT3G07650 COL9 (CONSTANS-LIKE 9) Brapa_ESTC019941 2432 462 5.3 .
Brapa_ESTC027877 5149 819 6.3 .
AT2G45660 SOC1/AGL20 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 20)(SOC1-2, SOC1-1, SOC1-3) Brapa_ESTC051650 3495 1501 2.3 .
Brapa_ESTC011095 14204 3600 3.9 .
Brapa_ESTC018989 10579 3022 3.5 .
Brapa_ESTC019044 9961 3960 2.5 .
AT5G60910 FUL/AGL8 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 8) Brapa_ESTC017129 22280 5691 3.9 .
AT5G24860 FPF1 (FLOWERING PROMOTING FACTOR 1) Brapa_ESTC018052 4399 1195 3.7 .
Brapa_ESTC029975 2502 1078 2.3 .
AT5G62165 AGL42 (AGAMOUS LIKE 42) Brapa_ESTC008221 3953 1108 3.6 .
AT5G03840 TFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER 1) Brapa_ESTC045284 898 253 3.5 .
AT2G03060 Similar to AGL102 Brapa_ESTC019197 1325 401 3.3 .
AT3G21320 Similar to ELF3 (EARLY FLOWERING 3) Brapa_ESTC043198 4038 1494 2.7 .
Brapa_ESTC023599 3673 1782 2.1 .
AT2G43010 PIF4 (PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4) Brapa_ESTC012017 749 288 2.6 .
Brapa_ESTC018786 4340 1879 2.3 .
AT2G45830 DTA2 (DOWNSTREAM TARGET OF AGL15 2) Brapa_ESTC034818 9026 3696 2.4 .
AT5G15850 COL1 (CONSTANS-LIKE 1) Brapa_ESTC020072 2427 1002 2.4 .
AT3G59060 PIF5/PIL6 (PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 5) Brapa_ESTC019071 5260 2182 2.4 .
Brapa_ESTC033456 1381 590 2.3 .
AT1G71692 AGL12 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 12) Brapa_ESTC027067 1108 485 2.3 .
AT5G10140 FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C)/AGL25(FLCL/FLC5) Brapa_ESTC017216 8885 4014 2.2 .
AT5G13790 AGL15 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 15) Brapa_ESTC010865 5636 2491 2.3 .
AT2G33350 Similar to zinc finger CONSTANS-related Brapa_ESTC041607 1624 809 2.0 .
Up-regulated genes in Chiifu AT5G10140 FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C)/AGL25(FLC1, FLC2) Brapa_ESTC016533 53 1504 . 28.3
Brapa_ESTC012276 6738 13305 . 2.0
AT5G65070 FCL4/MAF4 (MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 4) Brapa_ESTC013135 393 8499 . 21.6
Brapa_ESTC046597 986 4411 . 4.5
Brapa_ESTC013362 3209 11579 . 3.6
Brapa_ESTC046600 300 1051 . 3.5
Brapa_ESTC046598 3151 9784 . 3.1
AT1G31140 AGL63 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 63) Brapa_ESTC040293 206 2363 . 11.5
AT5G04240 ELF6 (EARLY FLOWERING 6) Brapa_ESTC020902 368 1517 . 4.1
AT5G13790 AGL15 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 15) Brapa_ESTC020193 1290 4174 . 3.2
AT1G30260 AGL79 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 79) Brapa_ESTC014642 276 776 . 2.8
AT1G77080 AGL27/MAF1 (MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 1) Brapa_ESTC022419 1327 3363 . 2.5
AT1G09530 PIF3 (PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3) Brapa_ESTC026673 2332 5556 . 2.4
AT3G57390 AGL18 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 18) Brapa_ESTC021222 2876 5626 . 2.0
Highly expressed genes in both RCBr and Chiifu AT1G12610 DDF1 (DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING 1) Brapa_ESTC039504 30466 29121 1.0 1.0
Brapa_ESTC002858 19586 15570 1.3 0.8
AT2G25930 ELF3 (EARLY FLOWERING 3) Brapa_ESTC041284 26959 22606 1.2 0.8
Brapa_ESTC041298 22936 16177 1.4 0.7
Brapa_ESTC015252 19828 20034 1.0 1.0
AT1G25540 PFT1 (PHYTOCHROME AND FLOWERING TIME 1) Brapa_ESTC047777 23968 21573 1.1 0.9
AT2G22540 AGL22/SVP (SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE) Brapa_ESTC014320 23538 18005 1.3 0.8
Brapa_ESTC050176 8869 9304 1.0 1.0
Brapa_ESTC041116 18874 17799 1.1 0.9
AT3G04610 FLK (FLOWERING LOCUS KH DOMAIN) Brapa_ESTC042608 21959 17640 1.2 0.8
AT5G62640.2 ELF5 (EARLY FLOWERING 5) Brapa_ESTC001982 19200 13055 1.5 0.7
AT2G24790.1 COL3 (CONSTANS-LIKE 3) Brapa_ESTC011117 19001 27161 0.7 1.4
Brapa_ESTC014037 15458 24927 0.6 1.6
Brapa_ESTC027269 13996 19872 0.7 1.4
AT5G10140 FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C)/AGL25 (FLC3) Brapa_ESTC013303 17486 16533 1.1 0.9
Brapa_ESTC021830 13579 14983 0.9 1.1
AT4G24540 AGL24 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 24) Brapa_ESTC036920 17200 17618 1.0 1.0
Brapa_ESTC019065 14515 13686 1.1 0.9
AT1G77300 EFS (EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS) Brapa_ESTC040684 17197 13552 1.3 0.8
AT4G22950 AGL19 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 19) Brapa_ESTC044364 16772 15569 1.1 0.9
Brapa_ESTC018998 12476 12321 1.0 1.0
AT3G12810 PIE1 (PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING 1) Brapa_ESTC042862 16091 12137 1.3 0.8
Brapa_ESTC024641 14327 8484 1.7 0.6
AT2G06210 ELF8 (EARLY FLOWERING 8) Brapa_ESTC004485 15388 12464 1.2 0.8
Brapa_ESTC042284 12694 10565 1.2 0.8
AT1G07050 CONSTANS-like protein-related Brapa_ESTC021115 15190 10154 1.5 0.7
AT1G77080 AGL27, MAF1 (MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 1) Brapa_ESTC000396 14927 10695 1.4 0.7
AT3G07650 COL9 (CONSTANS-LIKE 9) Brapa_ESTC042798 14472 8979 1.6 0.6
Brapa_ESTC051649 12413 8766 1.4 0.7
Brapa_ESTC021535 12256 7067 1.7 0.6
Brapa_ESTC025316 8692 4979 1.7 0.6
Brapa_ESTC049114 7570 5204 1.5 0.7
Brapa_ESTC049113 7031 5176 1.4 0.7
Brapa_ESTC006144 6478 9542 0.7 1.5
AT4G28190 ULT1 (ULTRAPETALA1) Brapa_ESTC044575 14100 11058 1.3 0.8
AT1G79730 ELF7 (EARLY FLOWERING 7) Brapa_ESTC006396 12278 10830 1.1 0.9
Brapa_ESTC009946 8400 10613 0.8 1.3
AT4G36920 AP2 (APETALA 2) Brapa_ESTC034160 10951 9936 1.1 0.9
Brapa_ESTC007967 7301 8061 0.9 1.1
Brapa_ESTC012323 4120 5899 0.7 1.4
Brapa_ESTC013840 3821 4959 0.8 1.3
Brapa_ESTC023600 2272 1607 1.4 0.7
AT3G04610 FLK (FLOWERING LOCUS KH DOMAIN) Brapa_ESTC021699 10239 6514 1.6 0.6
Brapa_ESTC015151 8990 9444 1.0 1.1
AT2G45660 SOC1/AGL20 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 20)(SOC1-3) Brapa_ESTC034801 9787 7499 1.3 0.8
AT2G40080 ELF4 (EARLY FLOWERING 4) Brapa_ESTC038745 9602 6902 1.4 0.7
Brapa_ESTC023094 8429 13088 0.6 1.6
Brapa_ESTC027935 6642 4190 1.6 0.6
AT5G15850 COL1 (CONSTANS-LIKE 1) Brapa_ESTC013309 9416 16434 0.6 1.7

z)R/C and C/R indicate the expression ratio in RCBr over Chiifu and Chiifu over RCBr, respectively.

Genes related to gibberellic acid metabolism.

At_Locus Gene annotation Br_SEQ_ID Prove intensity Fold change
RCBr Chiifu R/Cz) C/R
AT1G30040 GA2OX2 (Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase) Brapa_ESTC040202 1319 6104 0.2 4.6
Brapa_ESTC015031 16 1969 0.0 126.4
AT1G02400 GA2OX6/DTA1 (Gibberellin 2-OXIDASE 6) Brapa_ESTC015242 10762 8386 1.3 0.8
AT4G21200 GA2OX8 (Gibberellin 2-OXIDASE 8) Brapa_ESTC024684 431 665 0.6 1.5
Brapa_ESTC015062 423 624 0.7 1.5
AT1G15550 GA3OX1/GA4 (GA REQUIRING 4) Brapa_ESTC027719 554 164 3.4 0.3
AT5G07200 GA20OX3/YAP169 (Gibberellin 20 oxidase 3) Brapa_ESTC045377 1296 155 8.4 0.1
Brapa_ESTC029845 4761 183 26.1 0.0
Brapa_ESTC027440 1114 81 13.7 0.1
AT5G14920 Gibberellin-regulated family protein Brapa_ESTC003065 9782 9954 1.0 1.0
Brapa_ESTC016390 5777 9747 0.6 1.7
Brapa_ESTC042364 10773 8665 1.2 0.8
Brapa_ESTC024407 6879 6685 1.0 1.0
Brapa_ESTC007229 5209 4283 1.2 0.8
Brapa_ESTC010071 5161 3227 1.6 0.6
AT5G59845 Gibberellin-regulated family protein Brapa_ESTC007822 507 20 25.9 0.0
AT1G74670 Gibberellin-responsive protein, putative Brapa_ESTC037994 4417 3177 1.4 0.7
Brapa_ESTC008005 3581 2190 1.6 0.6
AT1G22690 Gibberellin-responsive protein, putative Brapa_ESTC003796 5081 1538 3.3 0.3
AT5G51310 Gibberellin 20-oxidase-related Brapa_ESTC046793 859 1135 0.8 1.3
AT3G10185 Gibberellin-regulated GASA/GAST/Snakin family protein Brapa_ESTC036747 4237 5060 0.8 1.2
AT4G26420 GAMT1 | Gibberellin carboxyl-O-methyltransferase Brapa_ESTC019836 1067 287 3.7 0.3
AT5G56300 GAMT2 | Gibberellin carboxyl-O-methyltransferase Brapa_ESTC009976 773 115 6.7 0.1

z)R/C and C/R indicate the expression ratio in RCBr over Chiifu and Chiifu over RCBr, respectively.

Table 1 List of primers used in qRT-PCR analysis.

BRAD ID number identified by BlastN with expressed sequence tag sequence at http://brassicadb.org/brad/.

qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Table 2 Transcription factors whose expressions levels were top 20 in both RCBr and Chiifu, and over two-fold in RCBr or Chiifu.

R/C and C/R indicate the expression ratio in RCBr over Chiifu and Chiifu over RCBr, respectively. Flowering-related TF genes were omitted in this Table.

Table 3 Flowering-related genes which were selected from 196 flowering genes on Br300K microarray.

R/C and C/R indicate the expression ratio in RCBr over Chiifu and Chiifu over RCBr, respectively.

Table 4 Genes related to gibberellic acid metabolism.

R/C and C/R indicate the expression ratio in RCBr over Chiifu and Chiifu over RCBr, respectively.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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