Ionizing radiation (IR) is regarded as an abiotic stressor for plants because it causes oxidative stress and changes the expression of genes. We investigated RNA sequencing-based global transcriptome changes induced by three different types of IR (gamma rays (GR), ion beams (IB), and proton beams (PB)) at different doses in rice. On average, 489 upregulated and 234 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found per sample. The union of the DEGs for each IR type was collected to simplify the comparison of effects among the different IR treatments. This resulted to a total of 1,558 DEGs after GR irradiation, 1,865 DEGs after IB irradiation, and 1,347 DEGs after PB irradiation. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the union DEG sets revealed 69 and 12 commonly enriched GO terms for up- and downregulated DEGs, respectively, many of which were closely related to oxidative stress responses. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway mapping and enrichment analysis of the union DEG sets also showed that most of the DEGs fell into common pathways related to oxidative stress, stress signaling, and redox reactions. A total of 137 transcription factor (TF) genes were differentially expressed, and many belong to families associated with stress responses. Our results suggest that different types and doses of IR can induce universal gene expression changes in response to oxidative stress. This study contributes to our understanding of the molecular response mechanisms to IR in plants.
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The plants of the Papaveraceae family are used for ornamental purposes because of their varicolored flowers, and are known as medicinal crops. Some species of poppy are used in foods such as salads or sorbets, utilizing the seeds, leaves, pedicels, and petals. There are several morphological similarities among the species of this family, which make it difficult to distinguish the seeds of different species or identify opium poppies. The family is known to contain about 100 species. The leaves of Iceland poppy (
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Gene editing technologies such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) systems have been developed to create targeted DNA mutagenesis in many crop plants. This report describes application of the TALEN system to generate
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Heat stress is one of the factors disturb productivity and growth of plants. Many genes including heat shock protein (HSP), heat shock transcription factors (HSF) and chaperones, were identified and characterized in many plants to play role in increased tolerance to abiotic stress. To reveal responsive gene to heat stress, we performed RNA-seq using two Korean soybean varieties under heat stress and normal conditions. The transcripts were analyzed, and we obtained 2,458 genes including 46 co-up regulation and 55 co-down regulated genes in both soybean varieties. We also revealed HSPs, HSFs and chaperones in the differentially expressed genes using BLAST and Pfam analyzation and verified expression changes under heat stress. Finally, we find 68 genes involved in HSP, HSF, chaperones in heat responsive genes associated increasing heat tolerance. As a result, relatively small HSP families were up regulated and continuously expressed in long period heat stress. On the other hand, large molecule HSPs, HSFs and chaperonin did not response to long heat stress. The expression profiling and characterization provide invaluable information to understand heat tolerance of soybean.
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