Carbohydrates and genetic factors influence cell division in citrus fruits from ovule cultures. Here, we investigated the effects of various carbohydrate sources (sorbitol, maltose, galactose, and lactose) on cell proliferation, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration in three Citrus unshiu cultivars (‘Miyagawa wase’ [MW], ‘Haryejosaeng’ [HW], and ‘Nankan 20 gou’ [NW]), and one C. reticulata cultivar (‘Ootaponkan’ [PM]). In PM, carbohydrate sources did not affect proliferation; MW showed a significant but marginal increase in media containing 300 mM mannitol. It also proliferated well in media supplemented with 300 mM sorbitol and a mixture of galactose and lactose. NW achieved the best rate with 100 mM mannitol and 146 mM lactose, whereas HW proliferated well with 100 mM mannitol alone. Phylogenetic analysis using 18 citrus varieties showed distinct genetic differences among the cultivars, suggesting that the differences in regeneration capacities in different carbohydrate sources could be attributed to their genetic differences. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing tissue culture protocols for mandarin varieties and may enhance the efficiency of citrus breeding and tissue culture applications.

Cotton is a globally important fiber crop, but many elite cultivars are recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. We developed a callus-mediated plant regeneration protocol for the local G. barbadense L. cultivar Surkhan-106. Sterilized seeds were germinated in vitro, and hypocotyl and cotyledon explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various auxin/cytokinin combinations. Robust callus induction was achieved from hypocotyl explants within 2–3 weeks. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from callus after approximately 12–14 weeks on medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Embryogenic callus was periodically subcultured to prevent browning, and torpedo-stage somatic embryos were matured on hormone-free medium. These embryos germinated into plantlets within 10–15 days on MS medium. The entire regeneration cycle, from seed to plantlet, was completed in about 4–5 months. Hypocotyl explants showed significantly higher callus formation frequency (85%) and regeneration efficiency than cotyledon explants (60%) (ANOVA, p < 0.05). This study establishes the first efficient callus-based regeneration system for Surkhan-106, an important Uzbek cotton variety. The optimized protocol can facilitate rapid clonal propagation and genetic transformation of Surkhan-106 and other recalcitrant cotton cultivars, accelerating breeding programs for improved stress tolerance and yield.

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• Molecular and physiological indicators of heat tolerance in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)
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  Journal of Plant Interactions.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Naturally Colored and Elite Upland Cotton Germplasm
  Abrorjon Y. Kurbonov, Feruza F. Mamedova, Sanjar Sh. Djumayev, Mukhammad Latif M. Nazirov, Naima Sh. Xojakulova, Maftuna U. Makhmudova, Ozod S. Turaev
  Journal of Natural Fibers.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to produce doubled haploid red color heading type Chinese cabbage using isolated microspore culture. Genotypic differences in embryogenic response and regenerative ability of microspore-derived embryos to plants were observed. A high rate of plant regeneration from microspore-derived embryos was achieved by an improved protocol involving replacement of culture media and adjustment of heat shock temperature. More than 60% of regenerated plants were spontaneous doubled haploids. Haploids were characterized by short and malformed stamen and few viable pollen grains as compared to spontaneous doubled haploids and dihaploids. The seeds harvested from the 142 spontaneous doubled haploid plants were designated as H1; 25 seeds in each population was grown and characterized. The H1 generation has been shown to display considerable phenotypic variation and high purity. These spontaneous doubled haploids may be directly exploited as new varieties in a red colored Chinese cabbage breeding program.

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• Microspore Embryogenesis Efficiency in Chinese Cabbage: The Predominant Role of Genotypic Variation
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  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2024; 56(4): 425.     CrossRef
• Possibilities of biotechnological methods in breeding of vegetable crops at the VIR Laboratory of Breeding and Cell Technologies
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  Plant Biotechnology and Breeding.2023; 5(4): 55.     CrossRef
• Anti-oviposition and repellence of Cordyceps fumosorosea against Spodoptera exigua
  Roland Bocco, Hye Ju Jeong, Ji Hee Han, Dayeon Kim, Seongho Ahn, Sang Yeob Lee
  International Journal of Tropical Insect Science.2023; 43(3): 1059.     CrossRef
• Influencing factors and physiochemical changes of embryogenesis through in vitro isolated microspore culture in Brassica species
  Yan-Qi Dong, Yu-Hong Gao, Te Zhao, Guang-Qian Ren, Yan-Li Liu, Bin Guan, Rong-Xian Jin, Fei Gao, Yan-Li Zhang, Xiu-Fang Tan, Hong-Cai Zhu, Yu-Hong Zhang, Jin-Xia Zhang, Dong Peng, Yu-Xin Yan
  Biologia.2021; 76(9): 2629.     CrossRef
• Non-ionic surfactants improved microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration of recalcitrant purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Bailey)
  Yiming Gao, Junxiang Jia, Jialin Cong, Yuying Ma, Hui Feng, Yun Zhang
  In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant.2020; 56(2): 207.     CrossRef
• Microspore embryogenesis in Brassica: calcium signaling, epigenetic modification, and programmed cell death
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  Planta.2018; 248(6): 1339.     CrossRef

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as a cereal grain, is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world’s human population especially in Asia. Three indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars namely BRRI dhan29, BRRI dhan56 and BRRI dhan57 were used in this study to investigate the regeneration ability in rice. Regeneration potential was found to be highest (80.00%) for BRRI dhan29 and lowest (70.00%) for BRRI dhan57. Consequently, the highly regenerating indica rice cultivar BRRI dhan29 was used for genetic transformation. Embryogenic calli induced after 20 days were used for genetic transformation in the experiment. Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 was transformed with pBI121 binary vector which contains kanamycin resistance gene as a selectable marker gene and GUS as a reporter gene. Calli infected with this strain were analyzed by using 5-bromo 4-chloro 3-indolyl- D glucuronide (X-gluc) as a substrate. Expression of gene was determined by using the transformed shoots and roots. Stable integration and expression of GUS gene were also confirmed by using PCR analysis. The frequency of transformation in terms of transient GUS assay was found to be 35.0 ± 2 S.E. This study will provide valuable information for genetic transformation in cereal crops.

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  Plant Science Today.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  Xiao Kaizhuan, Mao Xiaohui, Wang Yingheng, Wang Jinlan, Wei Yidong, Cai Qiuhua, Xie Hua’an, Zhang Jianfu
  Rice Science.2018; 25(4): 227.     CrossRef
• Enhancing somatic embryogenesis of Malaysian rice cultivar MR219 using adjuvant materials in a high-efficiency protocol
  R. Abiri, M. Maziah, N. A. Shaharuddin, Z. N. B. Yusof, N. Atabaki, M. M. Hanafi, M. Sahebi, P. Azizi, N. Kalhori, A. Valdiani
  International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.2017; 14(5): 1091.     CrossRef
• Development of an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol for indica rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
  Mai, T.T.X., Lien, N.T., Angenon, G., Hoa, T.T.C.
  Can Tho University Journal of Science.2017; 05: 141.     CrossRef
• Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation and regeneration in elite rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar BRRI dhan56
  Mahmudul Islam Md, Yesmin Roly Zahida, Zannatun Naim Mst, Khalekuzzaman Md
  African Journal of Biotechnology.2015; 14(31): 2415.     CrossRef
• Development of Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plant Using Cadmium Tolerance Gene (YCFI) through Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation for Phytoremediation
  Md. Mahmudul Islam, Md. Khalekuzza
  Asian Journal of Agricultural Research.2015; 9(4): 139.     CrossRef