Hops are dioecious, with only female plants cultivated for resin production and primarily used in brewing. Therefore, early sex identification at the seedling stage is crucial for breeding and cultivation. Molecular marker-assisted selection facilitates rapid and reliable sex identification of hops. We developed molecular male markers by leveraging sequence information from male-specific regions in a designated public database. To assess the accuracy of sex identification using the newly generated markers, we performed PCR analysis on four cultivars of hops with known sexes. Seventy-eight percent of the tested PCR primers correlated with the male sex phenotype. Following optimization, four primer pairs were successfully converted into male-specific PCR markers.

Sorghum is the fifth most important grain crop worldwide. It is not only used as food and feed, but also as a resource for biofuel production. In addition, it has potential uses as a model plant for research on adaptation to environmental stress. In this study, mutant sorghum lines were generated by gammy ray irradiation. Ten of the M₆ sorghum mutant lines were selected from 28 mutant lines on the basis of agronomic characteristics. These 10 lines, along with their original accessions/cultivar, were evaluated to determine the germination rate and the shoot and root length under salt treatment. Compared with their original accessions, three mutant lines (B5, SY6, and SY7) showed significant differentiation under saline conditions (150 mM NaCl), with increased shoot length (by 1.3-2.2 times) and root length (by 1.5-2.5 times). We determined the transcript levels of 20 abiotic stress-responsive genes in B5 (the most salt-tolerant mutant) and its original accession. These genes included those encoding heat shock proteins, aquaporins, ROS scavenging system, and transcription factors. In the B5 mutant, 15 genes showed differences in transcript levels between the control and the salt treatment. Salt treatment resulted in significant up-regulation of Sb03g045840 and down-regulation of Sb3g030750 in the B5 mutant. Here, we reported a simple method to identify genes related to salt tolerance in a sorghum mutant.

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The leaves of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have been used as a traditional folk medicine that has diuretic and mild laxative effects. Roselle is cultivated in many countries for medicines and food. However, studies on the variation of functional compounds in different accessions are relatively limited. In this study, we investigated the phenolic compound content of leaf extracts from 49 different roselle accessions from a worldwide collection by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The aim was to chemically classify and assess the pharmacological properties of the phenolic compounds in the leaves. The phenolic compounds were identified as neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, rutin isomer, isoquercitin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, quercetin isomer, and kaempferol. These compounds were present at significantly different levels among the accessions. The most abundant phenolic compound was rutin, which was found in 45 accessions where the total phenolic compound content was 18.75-46.51 mg/g (average 31.52 mg/g). The phenolic compounds were classified into four groups. The two accessions with the highest total phenolic compound content were from Ghana (PI286316) and Senegal (PI275413). The hierarchical cluster analysis of the 49 roselle accessions showed that they formed five groups according to their phenolic compound content. Our results will be useful for the selection of roselle genotypes with improved functional compounds.

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  Molecules.2020; 25(18): 4190.     CrossRef

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is one of the most important crops for bioethanol production and the provision of antioxidant compounds for human health. In this study, we investigated the 8 agronomic traits of 153 sweet sorghum germplasms, which demonstrated a variety of phenotypes. In particular, nine sweet sorghum germplasms exhibited a sugar content exceeding 20 Brix. Based on agronomic characteristics, we selected eight elite sweet sorghum germplasms that showed high-performance agronomic and growth characteristics such as tall height, large panicle size with short height, high sugar content, and seed-specific characteristics. The selected germplasms also showed significant differential amount of 3 antioxidant compounds of 3-deoxyanthocyanins, flavonoids, and tannins. SS113 contained the highest levels of total 3-deoxyanthocyanins with apigeninidin contents 3–9 fold higher than that of other germplasms, while SS129 had a white seed coat with the highest recorded total flavonoid level (7.52 mg/g) but no detectable 3-deoxyanthocyanins compounds. The characterization of the traits and compounds will be useful for basic research into the selection of suitable cultivars in the breeding of sweet sorghum.

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• Grain yield, nutritional, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in accessions of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
  Silvia UÑATE-FRAGA, Josué I. GARCÍA-LÓPEZ, Antonio FLORES-NAVEDA, Norma RUIZ-TORRES, Sonia RAMÍREZ-BARRÓN, Agustín HERNÁNDEZ-JUÁREZ, Alejandro LOZANO-DEL RÍO, Julio C. TAFOLLA-ARELLANO
  Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca.2022; 50(1): 12637.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Salinity Tolerance Between Grain and Sweet Sorghum Germplasms [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench]
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  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2020; 52(1): 32.     CrossRef