Development of Provitamin A quality protein maize (PVA-QPM) conferring resistance to maize streak virus (MSV) would reduce the prevalence of the disease, alleviate malnutrition and increase food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was conducted to (i) evaluate early maturing PVA-QPM inbreds and their derived testcross hybrids for grain yield, MSV-resistant, carotenoids, and tryptophan contents, (ii) estimate the combining ability of the MSV-resistant PVA-QPM testcrosses for all traits. Five improved open-pollinated MSV resistance cultivars and five early maturing PVA-QPM inbreds were crossed in a half-diallel fashion without reciprocals. The derived forty-five F1 topcrosses, ten parental materials, and two commercial hybrids that served as controls were tested at the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria, during rain-fed of the year 2019 and 2020. The PVA-QPM inbreds from TZEIORQ 13, TZEIORQ 29, and TZEQI 82 that were crossed with MSV resistance AK-9528-DMRSR and Pop 28 SR appeared potentially useful combinations for enhancing grain yield, MSV-resistant, carotenoids, and tryptophan contents, Testcrossed TZEQI 82 × AK-9528-DMRSR POP 28 SR, TZEQI 82 × ACR. 91 SUWAN-1-SR C1 and TZEQI 82 × IK.91 TZL COMP 3-Y C1 were most outstanding for all measured grain yield and nutrient contents. Additive genetic effects were preponderant over non-additive genetic effects under artificial infection of MSV disease. These three promising MSV resistance PVA-QPM hybrids should be evaluated under on-farm multiplication trials for stability performance and adaptation to reduce malnourishment and food self-sufficiency in SSA. Also, further researches on genomic analyses of the superior testcrosses are desirable.
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Gene introgression that involves the transfer of favorable allelic diversity for broadening the genetic base of breeding materials is a powerful 'toolkit' for creating novel allelic combinations during plant sexual reproduction. It is a key factor playing an important role in plant breeding schemes by reintroducing genetic variation at selective sweeps or introgression of desirable traits required for the development of new varieties. Meiosis is a specialized cell division not only enables sexually reproducing organisms to reduce their genomic constituent by half, also provides indefinitely novel combinations of allelic diversity by reshuffling the parental genetic makeup. Crossing over that takes place during prophase-I facilitates the meiotically exchange of genetic materials between homolog pairs as well as their accurate segregations. It is tightly modulated and many intrinsic factors and extrinsic agents are associated with regulation of the process, however, the modulation of meiosis is possible. Although, advanced approaches such as CRIPR/Cas and Virus-Induced gene Silencing (VIGS) have opened new horizons for manipulation of meiotic recombination, distant hybridization could effectively influence the frequency and distribution of homologous (HR) and particularly homoeologous recombination (HeR). In this review, we provide a brief overview of the recent advances in the plant mechanisms for manipulation of HR and HeR employing distant hybridization.
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The aim of the research is to investigate collective samples of barley of various ecological-geographical origination, to select donors with a high percentage of protein per grain, and to breed new varieties and hybrids with the use of various selection and genetics methods. The amount of protein per grain was determined by the Kjeldahl method, while levels of starch were indicated by the polarimetry method. The combinational capability of donors was evaluated with the use of top crossing interbreeding. Combinative mutability was evaluated under the external environment influence. An analysis of the current development and employment state of various parental form searches to cultivate high-protein kinds of barley, methods of selection through molecule marker usage, methods of hybridization, and biotechnical manipulation to achieve the desired result was conducted. Most suitable parental forms from collective materials were picked to acquire high protein per grain percentage kinds and hybrids, amongst them are Saule, Asem, Arna, Harmal, and Lignee-527 varieties. These donors are perspective varieties, that should be included in selective programs in Kazakhstan.
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Understanding the genetics underlying heading date and yield-related traits is essential in wheat breeding for maximizing productivity under different environments. Using doubled haploid lines derived from two Korean wheat cultivars, we identified seven stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield-related traits, i.e., days to heading date (
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SNP-based markers have been widely used to identify tolerant varieties harboring major genes related to abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we developed Fluidigm markers for the core set of SNPs underlying tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, anaerobic germination and submergence. The core set of SNPs was selected from the major genes and/or QTLs for the abiotic stresses previously reported in rice;
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The purity of seeds can be identified from the traits inherited from their parental lines. Hence, contamination may occur at the crossing step due to unshared similarities with their parents. This research aims to measure the genetic purity of several genotypes obtained from crosses between upland and lowland rice through the banding pattern differences among the genotype samples by using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. Taking the leaf samples was carried out at the experimental field, while the marker analysis was conducted in the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory. In this research, 8 (eight) genotypes obtained from crossing, comprising F1, F2, and BC1 along with 4 (four) of their parents from upland rice and lowland rice, were tested using 6 (six) drought-specific SSR primers of RM5, RM211, RM232, RM249, RM255, and RM258. The banding pattern of the electrophoresis results on the 12 rice genotypes showed clear, unsmeared quality. Based on the results of distance and genetic similarities, the 12 genotypes could be classified into 4 (four) clusters in the dendrogram. Cluster I consists of the
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