A resurrection has started in haploid and double haploid research in the twenty-first century. The haploid and double haploid could be achieved through in vivo and in vitro anther and microspore culture techniques. Fixing the homozygosity is the most striking benefit of androgenesis. Various factors like genotypic dependency, growth condition, developmental stage of the microspore, pre-treatment, culture media, regeneration media, growth hormones, and various chemicals have a direct effect. Wheat, rice, Brassica, and tobacco are the notable crops where anther and microspore culture has been utilized. These haploidy and double haploidy through anther culture served many purposes of basic and applied research. Especially, double haploid cultivars have been cultivating around the globe. In addition, for chromosome mapping, QTL mapping, marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcrossing, mutation breeding, genome-wide association study, genomic engineering, and genome editing, androgenesis based haploid and double haploid plants have been exploited due to the effectiveness. Recently, researchers are trying to explain albinism that happens during anther culture from an epigenetic perspective. Further prospects of haploid and doubled haploid research through anther culture have been described in this review.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Anther culture in rice: from an experimental model to breeding practice
  B. Usenbekov, S. Mukhambetzhanov, T. Kurbangaliyeva, A. Amirova, I. Sartbayeva, E. Kirshibaev, Ye. Gabdullina, D. Yerezhepov, A. Yerezhepov
  Fundamental and Experimental Biology.2026; 12131(1): 72.     CrossRef
• Mitochondrial RNA helicase SUV3 modulates photosynthetic efficiency and ROS homeostasis to confer salinity tolerance in marker-free rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64)
  Swetaleena Mishra, Ranjan Kumar Sahoo, Deepak Bhardwaj, Sarvajeet Singh Gill, Sudhir Kumar Sopory, Narendra Tuteja
  Current Plant Biology.2026; 47: 100610.     CrossRef
• Micropropagation, Somatic Embryogenesis, and Haploid Induction in Passiflora: Advances, Biological Constraints, and Breeding Prospects
  Mohammad Gul Arabzai, Ting Wu, Nazir Khan Mohammadi, Niaz Mohammad Inqilabi, Omotola Adebayo Olunuga, Yuan Qin, Lulu Wang
  Horticulturae.2026; 12(4): 497.     CrossRef
• Haploid and Doubled Haploid Platforms for Wheat Improvement: Methods and Applications
  Aidana Nurtaza, Damira Dyussembekova, Assel Yessimseitova, Indira Samatova, Timur Savin, Almagul Kakimzhanova
  Agronomy.2026; 16(8): 797.     CrossRef
• Haploid Production in Cannabis sativa: Recent Updates, Prospects, and Perspectives
  S.M. Ahsan, Md. Injamum-Ul-Hoque, Nayan Chandra Howlader, Md. Mezanur Rahman, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Md Azizul Haque, Hyong Woo Choi
  Biology.2025; 14(6): 701.     CrossRef
• Advances in Anther Culture-Based Rice Breeding in China
  Xinxing Chen, Sanhe Li, Wenjun Zha, Changyan Li, Lei Zhou, Aiqing You, Yan Wu
  Plants.2025; 14(11): 1586.     CrossRef
• Identification of DMP Family Members in Solanaceous Vegetables Potentially Involved in Haploid Induction
  Xuan Deng, Wenjian Zhong, Bo Liu, Xinyan Shen, Zhiyong Ren, Yongen Lu, Xin Wang, Bo Ouyang
  Horticulturae.2025; 11(11): 1329.     CrossRef
• Integrating in vitro breeding, BLUP prediction, and marker analysis to enhance rice yield, quality, and blast resistance
  Samah M. Abdelkhalek, Mohamed Abdelrahman, Tahany M. Mazal, Itoh Kimiko, Mostafa Elshenawy, Samah Aamer, Amr A. Hassan, Kotb A. Attia, Megahed Ammar
  Frontiers in Plant Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Çörek Otu (Nigella sativa L.) Anter Kültüründe Farklı Hormon Uygulamalarının Kallus İndüksiyonu Üzerindeki Etkileri
  Semra Güzel, Hüseyin Uysal
  Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi.2025; 22(2): 271.     CrossRef
• Haploid plant production and flowcytometric evaluation of Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss
  Mohsen Bagherian-Shamasbi, Esmaeil Chamani, Younes Pourbeyrami Hir, Hamid Reza Heydari
  Scientia Horticulturae.2025; 340: 113950.     CrossRef
• Generic Workflow of a Highly Effective and Easy Anther Culture Method for Both Japonica and Indica Rice
  Guimei Guo, Shisen Liu, Shuwei Zhang, Linian Yang, Yingjie Zong, Nigel G. Halford, Ting He, Runhong Gao, Zhenzhu Guo, Longhua Zhou, Chenghong Liu, Shujun Wu, Zhiwei Chen
  Plants.2024; 13(17): 2531.     CrossRef
• CRISPR/Cas9 and Anther Culture for Precision Double Haploid Line Production in Controlled Environments
  Avinash Sharma, Himanshu Pandey, Varucha Misra, Rajeev Kumar, Amit Vashishth, V. S. Devadas, A. K. Mall, Ashutosh, Megha Raghvan, Ajith Kumar Kesavan, Vishva Deepak Chaturvedi
  Plant Breeding.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Rice is one of the most important sources of energy for Iranians. Currently, approximately four million tons of paddy are produced annually in 19 provinces of the country. More than 50 new rice cultivars have been introduced in Iran over the last 60 years. The average yield of rice in these years has increased from 2 t ha^‒1 to nearly 5 t ha^‒1 in farmers’ paddies, although some improved cultivars can produce up to 9 t ha^‒1. The main strategy of rice breeding in Iran during the first 40 years was purifying local populations, introducing foreign lines, and producing high-yielding cultivars by cross-breeding and mutagenesis. Meanwhile, the production of high-quality cultivars from crosses between local varieties and high-yielding cultivars has been more emphasized recently. In this review, along with introducing improved varieties of Iranian rice and their characteristics, different improvement methods for creating these varieties are mentioned. Along with traditional breeding methods, it seems that Marker-assisted breeding and breeding by rational design can play important roles in the future of rice breeding in Iran.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Combining ability and molecular marker approach for developing early maturing high yielding hybrid rice
  Md. Shamsuddoha, Ayesha Siddika, A. S. M. Mustafa Kamal, Shaikh Jafar Mohiuddin, Mamun -Or- Rashid, Mohammad Abdul Latif, Md. Ashraful Haque
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Characterization of Iranian rice genetic resources for key grain quality traits
  Mostafa Modarresi
  Genetic Resources.2026; 7(13): 153.     CrossRef
• Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Iranian local rice genotypes for yield, and some agronomic traits
  Mostafa Modarresi
  Reproduction and Breeding.2026; 6(1): 9.     CrossRef
• High-throughput RNA sequencing and thin-layer chromatography provide insights into the molecular basis of distinctive scents and antioxidant capacity differences in Iranian rice cultivars
  Seyedeh-Mahsa Safieddinardebili, Iraj Mehregan, Reza Azizinezhad, Sara Saadatmand, Rahim Ahmadvand
  Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution.2025; 72(7): 8633.     CrossRef
• Genetic and Phenotypic Screening of Different Rice Genotypes According to the Functional Marker Related to the Semi-Dwarfing Sd1 Gene
  Smaeil talebi kouyakhi, Bahram Maleki zanjani, Mostafa Modarresi, Alireza tarang
  Journal of Crop Breeding.2024; 15(48): 14.     CrossRef
• Estimation of Gene Effect and Combining Ability for Yield and Yield Components Using Line x Tester Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa)
  Mostafa Modarresi, Mehrzad AllahGholipour, AliAkbar Ebadi
  Plant Breeding and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Increasing the productivity of Colocasia esculenta var. Antiquorum is very necessary to enhance the mass of tubers. This can be achieved through polyploid mutation method using colchicine to improve tuber size by increasing the number of chromosomes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of colchicine on morphology and polyploid changes of Colocasia esculenta var. Antiquorum at various concentrations and duration of immersion In vitro. The analysis was carried out as a completely randomized factorial design, with the first factor being colchicine concentration, consisting of 0.0%, 0.05%, 0.075%, and 0.1%. The second factor was the immersion time which consisted of 8 and 16 hours. The results showed that the best combination of concentration and immersion time on somatic morphology was 0.075% colchicine with 8 hours and 16 hours of immersion. Meanwhile, the best combination of chromosomal changes was 0.05% colchicine with 16 hours of immersion. These results indicated that the treatment of 0.05% colchicine concentration with a soaking time of 16 hours can be recommended for induction of polyploid mutations in Colocasia esculenta.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Evaluating the Agronomic Impact of Induced Polyploidy in Physalis ixocarpa
  Brenda L. Santiago-M, Areli Gonz&aacut, Rosalinda Mendoza-Vi, Armando Hern&aacut, Valentín Robledo-To
  Asian Journal of Plant Sciences.2025; 24(2): 134.     CrossRef
• Response of Mandarins to Seed Formation and Triploid Progeny Production in Interploid Crosses
  Ji Young Park, Eun Ui Oh, Eo Jin Kim, Seungyong Jeong, Kwan Jeong Song
  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2024; 56(1): 1.     CrossRef

Genetic variability and correlation analysis are fundamental references for the innovative development of breeding programs to improve varieties and desirable traits. In the present study, the correlation and path analysis was conducted to understand the association among yield, micronutrients (iron and zinc), and protein content under aerobic conditions in local rice landraces from various agro ecological regions of Karnataka, India. The grain yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation with plant height, the tiller number, spikelet fertility, flag leaf length, and test weight. The zinc content was negatively correlated with grain yield per plant. The phenotypic path-coefficient analysis revealed that the total number of tillers, grain length, test weight, and harvest index exhibited a positive direct effect on grain yield per plant, while Grain protein content showed a low direct effect on this trait. This study also indicated that harvest index, flag leaf length, spikelet fertility, and test weight could be considered to make for a higher yield.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Deciphering Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Early Rice (Oryza sativa) Genotypes Under the Direct-Seeded Rice (DSR) System
  Shravan Kumar Singh, Vivekanand Sirohi, Ritik Digamber Bisane, Vemula Anjula Krishna, Amrit Prasad Poudel, Akansha Singh
  Agricultural Research.2026; 15(2): 706.     CrossRef
• Characterization of Iranian rice genetic resources for key grain quality traits
  Mostafa Modarresi
  Genetic Resources.2026; 7(13): 153.     CrossRef
• Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Iranian local rice genotypes for yield, and some agronomic traits
  Mostafa Modarresi
  Reproduction and Breeding.2026; 6(1): 9.     CrossRef
• A new approach for evaluating maize transgressive segregants and their three-way cross potential in the S4 convergent breeding population
  Nuniek Widiayani, Muhammad Fuad Anshori, Nasaruddin Nasaruddin, Muh Farid, Ifayanti Ridwan, Abd. Haris Bahrun, Muhammad Azrai, Amin Nur, Purnama Isti Khaerani, Willy Bayuardi Suwarno, Karlina Syahruddin, Naeem Khan, Majed A. Alotaibi, Mahmoud F. Seleiman
  BMC Plant Biology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Agronomic performance of advanced double haploid elite rice ( Oryza sativa ) lines in Estuaire, Gabon
  Yonnelle Dea Moukoumbi, Esther Pegalepo, Mouritala Sikirou, Julia Edoxie Olong Obiang, Roland Bocco, Romaric Avou Tsoboua, Adote Herve Gildas Akueson, Yedomon Ange Bovys Zoclanclounon, Moussa Sie
  Cogent Food & Agriculture.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is grown worldwide in subtropical and tropical regions and primarily used as a spice and medicinal plant. Despite the economic importance of ginger, research on its molecular aspects is limited. Moreover, although ginger is mainly cultivated through vegetative propagation owing to poor flowering and infertility, few molecular markers have been identified to distinguish cultivars. In this research, we developed five Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) markers that can distinguish between the “Bongdong” ginger (Bg) cultivar, indigenous to South Korea, and the Chinese imported ginger (Cg) cultivar through reference sequencing based on the recently reported complete genome information of ginger. Furthermore, the integrated application of the five CAPS markers allow us to distinguish between Bg, Cg, and Indonesian ginger. Among them, the ClaI-based CAPS marker was identified as specific to Bg cultivars. Therefore, TaqMan real-time PCR based on ClaI-based CAPS can be widely used to distinguish between Bg and Cg cultivars. This study is the first to report the development of genome-based single-nucleotide polymorphism markers in ginger and therefore provides important information for the breeding and conservation of ginger.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Molecular Marker-Based TaqMan PCR Approach for Determination of Origin and Content in Commercial Ginger Powder
  Ji-Nam Kang, Hyo-Jin Choi, Mi-Hwa Choi, So-Hee Yang, Si-Myung Lee
  Food Analytical Methods.2025; 18(7): 1325.     CrossRef
• Plant Genetic Diversity Studies: Insights from DNA Marker Analyses
  Nongthombam Bidyananda, Imlitoshi Jamir, Karolina Nowakowska, Vanlalrinchhani Varte, Wagner A. Vendrame, Rajkumari Sanayaima Devi, Potshangbam Nongdam
  International Journal of Plant Biology.2024; 15(3): 607.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Antioxidant and Functional Compounds in Korean Conventional and Chinese Seed Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Following Steam Treatment
  Su-Jin Kim, Jong-Sin Kim, Min-Ji Kim, Ji-Yeon Kang, Hyeon-Jeong Choi, So-Yeon Kim, Ha-Euu Lee, Tae-Hyuk Kwon, Mee-Sook Kang
  Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety.2023; 38(4): 264.     CrossRef

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] is one of the economically most important fruit crops of the Cucurbitaceae family. Among different watermelon traits, disease resistance and fruit quality are the important traits for growers and consumers. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers similar to those traits can potentially and cost-effectively distinguish the genetic variations among these traits. Consequently, we developed 33 SNP makers linked to different watermelon traits associated with fruit quality and disease resistance, and validated in the genetic resources of watermelon and F1 breeding lines using ‘Fluidigm SNP Genotyping’ assay. Most of the SNP markers distinguished the alleles into three different types such as reference allele, alternative allele and heterozygous from watermelon genotypes for various traits. The SNP markers ‘ZymFL-T81P’ (ZYMV- resistance), ‘FON1-U161’ and ‘FON1-S075’ (Fusarium wilt-resistance), ‘Pmr21-Cla831’ (PM-resistance), and ‘ClGBS-J168’ and ‘GBS-GC230’ (GSB-resistance) can successfully differentiate resistant (R), susceptible (S) and heterozygous watermelon genotypes. Similarly, the SNP marker associated with sugar content, citrulline content, arginine content, rind hardness, flesh firmness, fruit shape, rind strip pattern of watermelon fruit and seed coat colour can successfully distinguished the watermelon genetic resources and F1 breeding lines as reference allele (A) type, alternative allele (B) type and heterozygous (H). These SNP markers could be utilized for marker assisted selection as well as screening of a large number of watermelon germplasm for fruit quality and disease resistance. However, further validation like artificial inoculation of pathogens for the traits related to disease resistance is required in watermelon crops.