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Research Article

Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses of Drought Tolerance in Korean and Tunisian Wheat Cultivars

Sang Heon Kim1, Dae Yeon Kim2, Inés Yacoubi3, Yong Weon Seo1,2,*
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 2014;2(2):139-150.
Published online: June 30, 2014

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*Corresponding author: Yong Weon Seo, seoag@korea.ac.kr, Tel: +82-2-3290-3005, Fax: +82-2-3290-3501
• Received: April 27, 2014   • Revised: May 10, 2014   • Accepted: May 27, 2014

Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses of Drought Tolerance in Korean and Tunisian Wheat Cultivars
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2014;2(2):139-150.   Published online June 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2014.2.2.139
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses of Drought Tolerance in Korean and Tunisian Wheat Cultivars
Plant Breed. Biotech.. 2014;2(2):139-150.   Published online June 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2014.2.2.139
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses of Drought Tolerance in Korean and Tunisian Wheat Cultivars
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Average plant height (A) and average leaf length (B) of Korean common wheat cultivars (a), Tunisian common wheat cultivars (b), and Tunisian durum wheat cultivars (c). Control (closed symbols) and treatment (open symbols).
Fig. 2 Average leaf chlorophyll content of Korean common wheat cultivars (a), Tunisian common wheat cultivars (b), and Tunisian durum wheat cultivars (c), and shoot dry weight of each cultivar (d).
Fig. 3 SSR-based genetic relationship among 77 wheat cultivars.
Fig. 4 Drought tolerance index (DTI) at the end of treatment and at 28 days after the end of treatment.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses of Drought Tolerance in Korean and Tunisian Wheat Cultivars

The list of wheat cultivars used in this study.

Entry No. Name Species Location Supplier Accession Number
1 Chunggyemil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-4z)
2 Olgeurumil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-9z)
3 Alchanmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-10z)
4 Gobunmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-11z)
5 Keumgangmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-12z)
6 Seodunmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-14z)
7 Saealmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-13z)
8 Jinpummil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-15z)
9 Joeunmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-17z)
10 Anbaekmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-18z)
11 Sinmichalmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-20z)
12 Jonongmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-22z)
13 Jokyoungmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-23z)
14 Younbaekmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-24z)
15 Sukangmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-29z)
16 Hanbaekmil T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-30z)
17 Sooan T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-33z)
18 Dajung T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-36z)
19 Goso T. aestivum L. Korea NICS, RDA 01-0006-35z)
20 ZAAFRANE T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205894y)
21 U14014 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205910y)
22 U14018 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205912y)
23 U14021 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205915y)
24 U14038 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205922y)
25 U14040 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205923y)
26 U14045 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205926y)
27 U14046 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205927y)
28 U14054 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205933y)
29 U14057 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205935y)
30 U14076 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205938y)
31 FRIGUI 2 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 229475y)
32 U14010 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205908y)
33 U14031 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205917y)
34 U14050 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205929y)
35 U14053 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205932y)
36 U14055 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205934y)
37 U14078 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205940y)
38 SINLIKAT T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205941y)
39 AGIM SINLIKA T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205943y)
40 MELANGE T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205944y)
41 BEDI T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NAC, RDA IT 205947y)
42 Allorca T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 41032x)
43 Florence Aurore T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 150608x)
44 Florence Aurore T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 150609x)
45 Koudiat A2 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 174665x)
46 Florence 135 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 185357x)
47 Mahon 73 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 185372x)
48 Mahon 124 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 185373x)
49 Roussla T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 189775x)
50 Cailloux T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 191446x)
51 Mahon 73 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 191734x)
52 Irakie 231 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 191738x)
53 Mahon 124 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 191929x)
54 Mahon 73 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 192024x)
55 Cailloux T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 304915x)
56 Baroota 52 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 410889x)
57 Soltane T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 428416x)
58 Ariana 66 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 519955x)
59 BT 2288 T. aestivum L. Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 559656x)
60 Huguenot Bariole 360 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 174646x)
61 Jenah Retifah 24 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 184537x)
62 Mekki 13 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 185194x)
63 Sbei 7 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 185195x)
64 Ble Dur 116 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 189772x)
65 Ble Dur 870 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 189773x)
66 Jenah Retifah 1 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 192516x)
67 Jenah Retifah 24 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 192517x)
68 Sbei 272 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 278383x)
69 Mahmoudi T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 306573x)
70 Inrat 69 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 324939x)
71 Maghrebi T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 422313x)
72 Roussia T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 428434x)
73 Maghrebi 72 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 428462x)
74 Amal 72 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 433749x)
75 Badri T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 433751x)
76 Maghrebi 72 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 433758x)
77 Maghrebi 72 T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum Tunisia NPGS, USDA PI 520062x)

z)The registration number of cultivar in Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) (http://www.seed.go.kr).

y)The IT accession number in the RDA-Genebank Information Center (http://www.genebank.go.kr/)

x)The PI accession number in the ARS-GRIN (http://www.ars-grin.gov/).

The list of SSR markers used in this study.

Name F Primer R Primer Annealing Temperature (°C)
Xbarc108 GCGGGTCGTTTCCTGGAAATTCATCTAA GCGAAATGATTGGCGTTACACCTGTTG 50
Xbarc121 ACTGATCAGCAATGTCAACTGAA CCGGTGTCTTTCCTAACGCTATG 50
Xgwm573 AAGAGATAACATGCAAGAAA TTCAAATATGTGGGAACTAC 50
Xgwm130 AGCTCTGCTTCACGAGGAAG CTCCTCTTTATATCGCGTCCC 60
Xgwm332 AGCCAGCAAGTCACCAAAAC AGTGCTGGAAAGAGTAGTGAAGC 60
Xgwm635 TTCCTCACTGTAAGGGCGTT CAGCCTTAGCCTTGGCG 60
Xwmc233 GACGTCAAGAATCTTCGTCGGA ATCTGCTGAGCAGATCGTGGTT 61
Xwmc9 AACTAGTCAAATAGTCGTGTCCG GTCAAGTCATCTGACTTAACCCG 61
Xwmc596 TCAGCAACAAACATGCTCGG CCCGTGTAGGCGGTAGCTCTT 61
Xwmc603 ACAAACGGTGACAATGCAAGGA CGCCTCTCTCGTAAGCCTCAAC 61
Xwmc695 GAGGGCACCTCGTAAGTTGG GGCAGGAGCCCCTACAAGAT 61
Xwmc65 TGGATGGGAAGGAGAATAAGTG ATCCAACCGGAACTACCGTCAG 61
Xgwm260 GCCCCCTTGCACAAATC CGCAGCTACAGGAGGCC 55
Xgwm350 ACCTCATCCACATGTTCTACG GCATGGATAGGACGCCC 55
Xgwm276 ATTTGCCTGAAGAAAATATT AATTTCACTGCATACACAAG 55
Xwmc17 ACCTGCAAGAAATTAGGAACTC CTAGTGTTTCAAATATGTCGGA 51
Xwmc182 GTATCTCACGAGCATAACACAA GAAAGTGTATGGATCATTAGGC 51

Drought tolerance trait indices (DTTIs) at 21 days after drought treatment.

Group Plant Height (%) Average Leaf Length (%) No. of Tillers (%) Leaf Chlorophyll Content (%)
Korean common wheat 88.5 ± 3.70 94.7 ± 5.49 109.1 ± 4.33 82.7 ± 4.57
Tunisian common wheat 87.9 ± 2.67 93.6 ± 2.50 98.3 ± 6.63 76.8 ± 2.17
Tunisian durum wheat 88.7 ± 2.18 91.9 ± 2.56 91.6 ± 4.39 68.6 ± 2.74
Total 88.3 ± 1.57 93.2 ± 1.88 98.5 ± 3.27 75.3 ± 1.82

Drought tolerance trait indices (DTTIs) at 28 days after re-watering.

Group Plant Height (%) Average Leaf Length (%) No. of Tillers (%) Leaf Chlorophyll Content (%)
Korean common wheat 82.1 ± 4.21 76.1 ± 5.8 154 ± 15.02 100.3 ± 2.83
Tunisian common wheat 86.9 ± 3.59 79.3 ± 4.03 105.6 ± 8.24 98.5 ± 1.74
Tunisian durum wheat 83.1 ± 2.99 70.9 ± 4.11 146.8 ± 11.03 101.9 ± 2.14
Total 84.3 ± 2.04 75.5 ± 2.6 132.5 ± 6.72 100.2 ± 1.24

Drought tolerance trait indices (DTTIs) for shoot dry weight and days to flowering.

Group Shoot Dry Weight (%) Days to Flowering (%)
Korean common wheat 83.2 ± 6.09 100.5 ± 1.00
Tunisian common wheat 76.8 ± 3.04 100.9 ± 0.41
Tunisian durum wheat 92.7 ± 2.39 101.5 ± 0.51
Total 84.2 ± 2.22 101.0 ± 0.35

Drought tolerance grouping of wheat cultivars based on drought tolerance index (DTI).

Drought Tolerance Category Range of DTI No. of Cultivars Entry No. (Name)
Resistant >90% 23 1 (Chunggyemil), 4 (Gobunmil), 5 (Keumgangmil), 14 (Younbaekmil), 16 (Hanbaekmil), 17 (Sooan), 18 (Dajung), 19 (Goso), 22 (U14018), 23 (U14021), 26 (U14045), 27 (U14046), 31 (FRIGUI 2), 32 (U14010), 34 (U14050), 35 (U14053), 36 (U14055), 37 (U14078), 39 (AGIM SINLIKA), 40 (MELANGE), 41 (BEDI), 42 (Allorca), 45 (Koudiat A2)
Moderate 80–90% 33 3 (Alchanmil), 8 (Jinpummil), 10 (Anbaekmil), 11 (Sinmichalmil), 12 (Jonongmil), 13 (Jokyoungmil), 15 (Sukangmil), 20 (ZAAFRANE), 21 (U14014), 24 (U14038), 25 (U14040), 30 (U14076), 33 (U14031), 38 (SINLIKAT), 47 (Mahon 73), 48 (Mahon 124), 49 (Roussla), 50 (Cailloux), 54 (Mahon 73), 55 (Cailloux), 56 (Baroota 52), 57 (Soltane), 60 (Huguenot Bariole 360), 61 (Jenah Retifah 24), 62 (Mekki 13), 63 (Sbei 7), 64 (Ble Dur 116), 65 (Ble Dur 870), 66 (Jenah Retifah 1), 68 (Sbei 272), 71 (Maghrebi), 75 (Badri), 76 (Maghrebi 72)
Susceptible <80% 21 2 (Olgeurumil), 6 (Seodunmil), 7 (Saealmil), 9 (Joeunmil), 28 (U14054), 29 (U14057), 43 (Florence Aurore), 44 (Florence Aurore), 46 (Florence 135), 51 (Mahon 73), 52 (Irakie 231), 53 (Mahon 124), 58 (Ariana 66), 59 (BT 2288), 67 (Jenah Retifah 24), 69 (Mahmoudi), 70 (Inrat 69), 72 (Roussia), 73 (Maghrebi 72), 74 (Amal 72), 77 (Maghrebi 72)

The most resistant cultivars to drought stress.

Entry No. Name Group DTI (%)
14 Younbaekmil Korean common wheat 104.7
34 U14050 Tunisian durum wheat 102.6
42 Allorca Tunisian common wheat 113.6
45 Koudiat A2 Tunisian common wheat 106.8
Table 1 The list of wheat cultivars used in this study.

The registration number of cultivar in Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) (http://www.seed.go.kr).

The IT accession number in the RDA-Genebank Information Center (http://www.genebank.go.kr/)

The PI accession number in the ARS-GRIN (http://www.ars-grin.gov/).

Table 2 The list of SSR markers used in this study.
Table 3 Drought tolerance trait indices (DTTIs) at 21 days after drought treatment.
Table 4 Drought tolerance trait indices (DTTIs) at 28 days after re-watering.
Table 5 Drought tolerance trait indices (DTTIs) for shoot dry weight and days to flowering.
Table 6 Drought tolerance grouping of wheat cultivars based on drought tolerance index (DTI).
Table 7 The most resistant cultivars to drought stress.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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