Cultivation of the medicinal herb
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Although genomics provides useful tools for crops, most wild resource plants still lack molecular data. To retrieve useful genomic data and thus provide fundamental information for a resource plant, we established a multi-directional approach using two low coverage whole-genome shotgun sequence (WGS) data of
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Repetitive DNA elements are ubiquitous in plant genomes. Although repeats provide relevant information for cytogenetic, evolutionary, and genomic studies, identifying and characterizing their sequence and chromosomal distribution are not always easily achieved through conventional methods. However, a high-throughput identification of genomic repeats can be obtained with short reads from next-generation sequencing data. Here, we identified the telomeric and two chromosome-specific repeats in
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Resource plants are important and have strong potential for a variety of utilities as crops or pharmaceutical materials. However, most resource plants remain wild and thus their utility for breeding and biotechnology is limited. Molecular markers are useful to initiate genetic study and molecular breeding for these understudied resource plants. We collected various wild collections of
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Korean ginseng (
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Most ginseng cultivars bear red berry and only one cultivar ‘Gumpoong’ (GU) bears golden berry. GU is an elite cultivar bred by pedigree selection from a golden berry landrace (a mixed population) ‘Hwangsook’ (HS). We developed three unique polymorphic markers from complete chloroplast genome sequences of GU and HS. A population of GU showed uniform band amplicon against three chloroplast markers whereas HS population displayed mixed genotypes for both GU and HS. Using the characteristics of mixed genotypes in HS population, we developed a convenient method to differentiate GU and HS population by application of pooled DNA template for PCR analysis (pooling method). The pooling method revealed that the GU pool was identical with GU genotype while the HS pool showed both GU and HS genotype. The pooling method is a cost and time effective method for accurate authentication of both golden berry ginseng cultivars. The method is useful to protect GU products from its tentative counterfeits from seeds to mature plant stages as well as processed root products.
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