Since traditional taxonomic studies possess intrinsic limitations with plant species identification, combinations of DNA barcodes have been considered a powerful tool to discover undetected genetic variation within species across large geographic areas, providing more precise estimates of biodiversity. However, the lack of efficient and universal markers is often considered a peculiar challenge in molecular taxonomic studies across plant taxa. Similarly, many loci have been proposed for DNA barcodes; still standardizing regions as a DNA barcode is vital for making them efficiently discriminate plant species. In this study, we tested the phylogenetic utility of nuclear (nrDNA) region (ITS2) with chloroplast (cpDNA) regions (matK, psbA-trnH, and rbcL) for efficient discrimination of Triticum species. A total of 109 accessions representing 16 recognized genotypes in the Triticum genus have been sampled to assess the efficiency of barcoding loci to resolve species discrimination. As expected from earlier studies, our results also revealed that a single locus has difficulty in discriminating Triticum species. Species discrimination in Triticum taxa was martially improved by using a combination of gene loci; however, the closely related species, T. aestivum and T. turgidum, had no DNA barcode to separate them. Thus, we recommend further research on finding species-specific SNP using intragenic regions as standard DNA barcode loci in Poaceae.

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