The faba bean produces medicinally useful phenolic compounds naturally, and is also a good source of food and animal feed. This study quantified the functional compounds and antioxidant activities of five faba bean genotypes selected on the basis of their seed yield and L-dopa content. The highest total tannin content (TTC) and total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC) were observed in the PI252004 genotype and the lowest content in the PI366039 genotype. The total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the PI430715 genotype were higher than those of the other genotypes. LC-MS analyses identified 22 different phenolic compounds in the faba bean genotypes. The most abundant proanthocyanidin compounds were prodelphinidin and catechin and the predominant flavonols and flavones were myricetin, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, and luteolin-free aglycones or glycosides. The TFC was correlated with ferric-reducing antioxidant power activity (FRAP) (P ≤ 0.05), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (P ≤ 0.01), and DPPH radical scavenging activity (P ≤ 0.01). The results indicated that the PI430715 genotype contained the highest TPC and TFC and exhibited the highest FRAP, TEAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities. These results may help determine the optimal genotypes for breeding new cultivars of faba bean with potentially greater health benefits.

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This study involved an evaluation of agronomic characteristics to identify elite faba bean (Vicia faba L.) lines adapted to the environmental conditions in Korea. A total of 371 accessions were sown in February 2015, and 256 lines among 1,006 individuals were selected based on seed size and color as well as seed yield per plant. Thirty seeds of each line were sown in October 2015 to analyze the winter survival rates and agronomic characteristics. The 129 lines that survived until March were examined based on nine traits, including flowering date, plant height, number of stems, pot length, pot width, seeds per pot, 100-seed weight, seed size and seed color. Finally, ten elite lines were selected according to the winter survival rate, seed size and color, as well as seed yield per plant. Green seeds were observed for four of the selected lines, brown seeds were observed for two lines, and black, purple, and beige seeds were detected in one line each. The average winter survival rate was 74.8%. Moreover, the average plant height and 100-seed weight were 83.5 cm and 10.8 g, respectively. The plants produced an average of 150 seeds. These results will be very useful for autumn-sown of faba bean in South Korea, and ten elite lines will provide great opportunity for faba bean breeding.

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The faba bean, one of the few crops that produces L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-dopa) naturally, is also a good source of fatty acids and isoflavones. This study analyzed fatty acids, L-dopa and isoflavones in the leaves, immature pods and seeds of selected high-yielding faba bean genotypes spring-sown in Korea. The most abundant fatty acids in the leaves, immature pods and seeds were linolenic acid (58.6–63.7%), linoleic acid (46.9–58.9%), and linoleic acid (45.7–63.6%), respectively. The L-dopa content was highest in the leaf for all the faba bean genotypes except PI430715 and PI614810 where it was highest in the immature pods. The α-linolenic acid and L-dopa contents of the seed and immature pod of the PI430715 and PI614810 genotypes were the highest of all the genotypes. Four isoflavones (daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein) were detected with levels of daidzin and genistin generally higher than those of daidzein and genistein in each part of the faba bean. The L-dopa content was correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with those of five fatty acids (oleic, gondoic, phytanic, α-linolenic, and behenic acid). Overall, the PI430715 and PI614810 faba bean genotypes with their higher L-dopa and α-linolenic acid contents were the most functional. This study may help identify optimal genotypes for breeding new cultivars which provide functional compounds to treat Parkinson’s disease or use in foods.

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