The genetic control of rice resistance has been extensively studied, but how the resistance mechanism is genetically controlled has received less attention. This study revealed that the rice resistance mechanism toward brown planthopper was genetically controlled by several genes with several mendelian patterns. The tolerance mechanism is controlled by three complementary genes; this is confirmed by QTL analysis, whereas the Antibiosis is controlled by three separate loci on chromosomes 2, 8, and 11. The antixenosis was controlled by polygenic, but detected locus only on chromosome 3, with minor effects.

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• ‘Drimi9ho’, A Lodging Tolerance with Mid-late Maturing, Improved White-backed Planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) and Cultivation Stability
  Jae-Ryoung Park, Eun-Gyeong Kim, Yoon-Hee Jang, Kyung-Min Kim
  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2025; 57(4): 493.     CrossRef

Since traditional taxonomic studies possess intrinsic limitations with plant species identification, combinations of DNA barcodes have been considered a powerful tool to discover undetected genetic variation within species across large geographic areas, providing more precise estimates of biodiversity. However, the lack of efficient and universal markers is often considered a peculiar challenge in molecular taxonomic studies across plant taxa. Similarly, many loci have been proposed for DNA barcodes; still standardizing regions as a DNA barcode is vital for making them efficiently discriminate plant species. In this study, we tested the phylogenetic utility of nuclear (nrDNA) region (ITS2) with chloroplast (cpDNA) regions (matK, psbA-trnH, and rbcL) for efficient discrimination of Triticum species. A total of 109 accessions representing 16 recognized genotypes in the Triticum genus have been sampled to assess the efficiency of barcoding loci to resolve species discrimination. As expected from earlier studies, our results also revealed that a single locus has difficulty in discriminating Triticum species. Species discrimination in Triticum taxa was martially improved by using a combination of gene loci; however, the closely related species, T. aestivum and T. turgidum, had no DNA barcode to separate them. Thus, we recommend further research on finding species-specific SNP using intragenic regions as standard DNA barcode loci in Poaceae.

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• Valorizing Traditional Greek Wheat Varieties: Phylogenetic Profile and Biochemical Analysis of Their Nutritional Value
  Niki Mougiou, Spyros Didos, Ioanna Bouzouka, Athina Theodorakopoulou, Michael Kornaros, Ioannis Mylonas, Anagnostis Argiriou
  Agronomy.2023; 13(11): 2703.     CrossRef
• Multilocus marker-based delimitation of Salicornia persica and its population discrimination assisted by supervised machine learning approach
  Rahul Jamdade, Khawla Al-Shaer, Mariam Al-Sallani, Eman Al-Harthi, Tamer Mahmoud, Sanjay Gairola, Hatem A. Shabana, Branislav T. Šiler
  PLOS ONE.2022; 17(7): e0270463.     CrossRef
• In vitro propagation for conservation and genetic fidelity of the near threatened Dimocarpus longan plant
  Manal El-salato Ala El-naby Ahmed
  Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.2022; 20(1): 130.     CrossRef
• Association analysis and evaluation of genetic diversity in wheat genotypes using SSR markers
  S. Farhangian-kashani, A. Azadi, Sh. Khaghani, M. Changizi, M. Gomarian
  Biologia Futura.2021; 72(4): 441.     CrossRef
• Genotyping-by-Sequencing Derived Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Provide the First Well-Resolved Phylogeny for the Genus Triticum (Poaceae)
  Do Yoon Hyun, Raveendar Sebastin, Kyung Jun Lee, Gi-An Lee, Myoung-Jae Shin, Seong Hoon Kim, Jung-Ro Lee, Gyu-Taek Cho
  Frontiers in Plant Science.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• In vitro propagation and DNA barcode analysis of the endangered Silene schimperiana in Saint Katherine protectorate
  Heba El-Sayed Ghareb, Shafik Darwish Ibrahim, Ghada Abd El-Moneim Hegazi
  Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.2020; 18(1): 41.     CrossRef

Phosphate is one of the major nutrients of growth, development, and reproduction of crop plants and functions in energy metabolism, signal transduction cascades, and regulates enzymatic activities. To understand uptake and usage of this nutrient in Oryza sativa (rice), a model crop plant, global studies on this family is more effective. Here, we conducted phylogenomic analyses of 26 rice and 19 Arabidopsis phosphate transporters (PHT) reported from previous studies, by integrating various meta-expression data to the phylogenic tree context. Subsequently, of four subfamilies, the PHT1 subfamily was a high affinity phosphate transporter, which functioned under low concentrations of phosphorous in soil, while the others (i.e., PHT2, PHT3, and PHT4) were low-affinity phosphate transporter subfamilies. Most members of the PHT1 in rice and Arabidopsis, in contrast to the other transporter subfamilies, showed significant induction under phosphate starvation, and the responses were more obvious in the roots. These results indicated that the functions of PHT1 phosphate transporters in rice and Arabidopsis were well conserved in response to phosphate starvation. We confirmed significant upregulation of seven PHT1 subfamily genes in rice under phosphate starvation, by RT-PCR, indicating that the high affinity phosphate transporters played important roles in the uptake of phosphate under phosphate deficiency. The regulatory network of OsPT4 belonged to the PHT1 subfamily based on RiceNet analysis, suggesting clues for further analyses. Our study showed the significance of at least seven PHT1 subfamily members, which could improve the efficiency of phosphate use in rice, as a model crop plant.

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• Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Modulate Variety-Specific Phosphate Transporter Gene Expression in Aerobic Rice Under Phosphorus-Limited Soil Conditions
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  Plants.2026; 15(11): 1675.     CrossRef
• Functional Characterization of the VvPHT1 Gene and Its Promoter in Vicia villosa
  Shuqin Tang, Linlin Mao, Ruili Zhu, Moli Zheng, Shaojun Qiu, Dali Song, Jingwen Sun
  Agronomy.2026; 16(8): 824.     CrossRef
• Identification and expression analysis of phosphate transporter (PHT) genes in Brachypodium distachyon in response to phosphorus deficiency
  Chiraz Friji, Hatem Boubakri, Luisa M. Martinez, Laura Ruiz Torres, Antonio José Manzaneda, Mhemmed Gandour
  Protoplasma.2025; 262(3): 515.     CrossRef
• Enhanced use of chemical fertilizers and mitigation of heavy metal toxicity using biochar and the soil fungus Bipolaris maydis AF7 in rice: Genomic and metabolomic perspectives
  Arjun Adhikari, Eun-Hae Kwon, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Shifa Shaffique, Sang-Mo Kang, In-Jung Lee
  Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2024; 271: 115938.     CrossRef
• Effects of different phosphorus levels on tiller bud development in hydroponic Phyllostachys edulis seedlings
  Chenjun Lin, Tingting Hang, Chenhao Jiang, Ping Yang, Mingbing Zhou, Michael J Considine
  Tree Physiology.2023; 43(8): 1416.     CrossRef
• Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of apple dwarfing rootstock root morphogenesis under nitrogen and/or phosphorus deficient conditions
  Bin Xie, Yanhui Chen, Yanzhen Zhang, Xiuhong An, Xin Li, An Yang, Guodong Kang, Jiangtao Zhou, Cungang Cheng
  Frontiers in Plant Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Phosphorus homeostasis: acquisition, sensing, and long-distance signaling in plants
  V. Prathap, Anuj Kumar, Chirag Maheshwari, Aruna Tyagi
  Molecular Biology Reports.2022; 49(8): 8071.     CrossRef
• Comparative in silico analysis of phosphate transporter gene family, PHT, in Camelina sativa gemome
  Sahar Faraji, Soosan Hasanzadeh, Parviz Heidari
  Gene Reports.2021; 25: 101351.     CrossRef
• Expression of potential reference genes in response to macronutrient stress in rice and soybean
  Sandeep Sharma, Krishnapriya Vengavasi, M. Nagaraj Kumar, Shiv Kumar Yadav, Renu Pandey
  Gene.2021; 792: 145742.     CrossRef
• A regulatory network driving shoot lignification in rapidly growing bamboo
  Kebin Yang, Lichao Li, Yongfeng Lou, Chenglei Zhu, Xueping Li, Zhimin Gao
  Plant Physiology.2021; 187(2): 900.     CrossRef
• Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase family is closely associated with response to phosphate deficiency in rice
  Yun-Shil Gho, Sang-jin Kim, Ki-Hong Jung
  Genes & Genomics.2020; 42(1): 67.     CrossRef
• Effect of phytochrome-mediated red light signaling on phosphorus uptake and accumulation in rice
  Yasuhito Sakuraba, Shuichi Yanagisawa
  Soil Science and Plant Nutrition.2020; 66(5): 745.     CrossRef
• Overexpression of OsPT8 Increases Auxin Content and Enhances Tolerance to High-Temperature Stress in Nicotiana tabacum
  Zhaopeng Song, Ningbo Fan, Guizhen Jiao, Minghong Liu, Xiaoyan Wang, Hongfang Jia
  Genes.2019; 10(10): 809.     CrossRef

Powdery mildew disease caused by an obligatory parasitic fungus Podosphaera xanthii is a serious problem of melon (Cucumis melo L.) production worldwide. Severity of problem is further associated with emergence of new races over the years. In this study a new race of powdery mildew fungus was discovered from Ibaraki, Japan. The race was different from all other existing races of P. xanthii occurring in Japan. Phenotypic and genetic analysis established the new fungus type as a new race, N5. Ten melon lines were infected with a total of eight fungal races including the new N5 race and it was found that all melon lines had different disease reactions against the new race compared to other seven races. Only four melon genotypes were found resistant out of 42 commercial cultivars and lines were tested. Disease reactions of two sets of F₂ populations and one set of backcross population revealed that two separate epistatic gene loci located in two different linkage groups (LG), LG II and LG XII, interact together for the resistant or susceptible reaction of melon lines. A total of six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were found polymorphic in melon lines out of 16 tested in response to N5 race. Two different sets of F₂ populations between resistant and susceptible melon lines were assessed with two polymorphic SSR markers located in two different groups, LG II and LG XII. SSR genotyping yielded 78% and 94% expected polymerase chain reaction fragments in favor of resistance or susceptibility of F₂ populations of CM17187×PMR5 and PMR45×PMR5 of melon lines, respectively.

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• A survey of Podosphaera xanthii races in melon-producing regions in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil
  Anânkia de Oliveira Ricarte Marinho, Adriano Ferreira Martins, Francisco Linco de Souza Tomaz, Elaíne Welk Lopes Pereira Nunes, Denilson Eduardo Silva Dantas, Geovanna Alicia Dantas Gomes, Edicleide Macedo da Silva, Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes
  Journal of Plant Pathology.2025; 108(1): 777.     CrossRef
• Status, Gaps and Perspectives of Powdery Mildew Resistance Research and Breeding in Cucurbits
  Aleš Lebeda, Eva Křístková, Barbora Mieslerová, Narinder P. S. Dhillon, James D. McCreight
  Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences.2024; 43(4): 211.     CrossRef
• Identification of powdery mildew resistance quantitative trait loci in melon and development of resistant near-isogenic lines through marker-assisted backcrossing
  Chun-San Wang, Ssu-Yu Lin, Jin-Hsing Huang, Hsin-Yi Chang, Di-Kuan Lew, Yu-Hua Wang, Kae-Kang Hwu, Yung-Fen Huang
  Botanical Studies.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Identification of Gene Responsible for Conferring Resistance against Race KN2 of Podosphaera xanthii in Melon
  Sopheak Kheng, San-Ha Choe, Nihar Sahu, Jong-In Park, Hoy-Taek Kim
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 1134.     CrossRef
• Fine mapping and identification of candidate genes associated with powdery mildew resistance in melon (Cucumis melo L.)
  Xiaoyu Duan, Yue Yuan, Núria Real, Mi Tang, Jian Ren, Jiaqi Wei, Bin Liu, Xuejun Zhang
  Horticulture Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Inheritance of Resistance to Race 5 of Powdery Mildew Fungus Podosphaera xanthii in Melon and Development of Race 5-Specific High Resolution Melting Markers
  Jeong-Eui Hong, Mohammad Rashed Hossain, Hee-Jeong Jung, Ill-Sup Nou
  Plant Breeding and Biotechnology.2022; 10(4): 272.     CrossRef
• Development of powdery mildew race 5-specific SNP markers in Cucumis melo L. using whole-genome resequencing
  Jewel Howlader, Yeji Hong, Sathishkumar Natarajan, Kanij Rukshana Sumi, Hoy-Taek Kim, Jong-In Park, Ill-Sup Nou
  Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology.2020; 61(2): 347.     CrossRef
• Genetic Mapping and Nucleotide Diversity of Two Powdery Mildew Resistance Loci in Melon (Cucumis melo)
  Cui Haonan, Ding Zhuo, Fan Chao, Zhu Zicheng, Zhang Hao, Gao Peng, Luan Feishi
  Phytopathology®.2020; 110(12): 1970.     CrossRef
• PCR-Based InDel Marker Associated with Powdery Mildew-Resistant MR-1
  Yu-Ri Choi, Jae Yong Lee, Seongbin Hwang, Hyun Uk Kim
  Agronomy.2020; 10(9): 1274.     CrossRef
• Identification of Two New Races of Podosphaera xanthii Causing Powdery Mildew in Melon in South Korea
  Ye-Ji Hong, Mohammad Rashed Hossain, Hoy-Taek Kim, Jong-In Park, Ill-Sup Nou
  The Plant Pathology Journal.2018; 34(3): 182.     CrossRef

DNA barcoding is the use of short DNA sequences of the genome for large scale species identification. The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) plant-working group recommended a 2-locus combination as the standard plant barcode. The evolutions of the chloroplast regions combined with nuclear gens are sufficiently rapid to allow discrimination between closely related species. We evaluated the efficacy of the proposed plant barcoding loci, matK, along with ITS2 for barcoding the Vigna species. To assess the discriminatory ability of barcoding loci for identifying the Vigna species, we sampled 52 of the taxonomically best known groups in the genus. Topologies of the phylogenetic trees based on ITS2 and matK analyses were similar but a few accessions were placed into distant phylogenetic groups. Neither ITS2 nor matK analyses were able to discriminate some closely related Vigna species. Thus, we used concatenated data to increase the resolving power of ITS2 and used matK as an additional tool for phylogenetic analysis in Vigna because characterization of the nucleotide sequences of the matK region was easier and more cost-effective than that of the ITS region.

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• Genetic Diversity of Asian Vigna Species (Subgenus Ceratotropis; Genus Vigna) in India Based on ITS2 Sequences Data
  Suraj D. Umdale, Nikhil B. Gaikwad, Shaila Kadam, Mahendra L. Ahire, Pankaj S. Mundada, Kangila V. Bhat
  Plant Molecular Biology Reporter.2023; 41(3): 454.     CrossRef
• Identification of Apiaceae using ITS, ITS2 and psba-trnH barcodes
  Zhehui Jiang, Meiqi Zhang, Lingyang Kong, Yihong Bao, Weichao Ren, Hongyuan Li, Xiubo Liu, Zhen Wang, Wei Ma
  Molecular Biology Reports.2023; 50(1): 245.     CrossRef
• Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships in Asiatic Vigna using ITS and cpDNA loci
  Ruchi Vir, Tabassum Jehan, K. V. Bhat, Suman Lakhanpaul
  Vegetos.2022; 36(4): 1397.     CrossRef
• Comparative Genetic Analysis between the Jeju ‘Inchangkyool’ and Chinese ‘Ichangensis’ (Citrus ichangensis) using Internal Chloroplast trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacers and Transcribed Spacer Sequence Regions
  Min Ju Kim, Mi Sun Kim, Kihye Shin, Sukman Park, Cheolwoo Choi, Su Hyun Yun, Seong Beom Jin
  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2021; 53(1): 16.     CrossRef
• Novel Genetic Resources in the Genus Vigna Unveiled from Gene Bank Accessions
  Yu Takahashi, Prakit Somta, Chiaki Muto, Kohtaro Iseki, Ken Naito, Muthaiyan Pandiyan, Senthil Natesan, Norihiko Tomooka, Vijai Gupta
  PLOS ONE.2016; 11(1): e0147568.     CrossRef

We investigated the species discriminatory efficiency of the proposed plant barcoding loci ITS2 and matK in Vicia species. In 2011, China Plant BOL Group proposed the addition of nuclear ITS2 to matK be accepted as a 2-locus DNA barcode to classify plant species. The matK region was chosen as a DNA barcode because of its effective species discriminating power, high quality sequence recovery, and easy experimental analysis. Integration of matK sequences into Vicia phylogeny could improve phylogenetic reconstruction of this species. To assess the ability of barcoding loci to resolve Vicia species, we sampled 36 of the taxonomically best known groups in the genus. Topologies of the phylogenetic trees based on ITS2 and matK analyses were similar but a few accessions were placed into distant phylogenetic groups. Neither ITS2 nor matK analyses alone could discriminate some closely related Vicia species. Thus, we have proposed a concatenated data approach to increase the resolving power of ITS2 and used matK as an additional tool for phylogenetic analysis in Vicia because characterization of the nucleotide sequences of the matK region was easier to recover and more cost-effective than those of the ITS region.

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• Deep learning for Fabaceae identification by integrating molecular and morphological data and a solution for barcode selection
  Kawtar Lhayani, Karim Rabeh, Leila Medraoui
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• Rapid Specific PCR Detection Based on THCAS and CBDAS for the Prediction of Cannabis sativa Chemotypes: Drug, Fiber, and Intermediate
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• DNA-Based Identification of Eurasian Vicia Species Using Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Barcodes
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• Interspecific variation of seed morphological and micro‐morphological traits in the genus Vicia (Fabaceae)
  Seahee Han, Raveendar Sebastin, Kyung Jun Lee, XiaoHan Wang, Myoung‐Jae Shin, Seong‐Hoon Kim, Sookyeong Lee, Jung‐Ro Lee, Gyu‐Taek Cho, Do Yoon Hyun, Jong‐Wook Chung
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• Identification of Vicia Species Native to South Korea Using Molecular and Morphological Characteristics
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• Comparative Genetic Analysis between the Jeju ‘Inchangkyool’ and Chinese ‘Ichangensis’ (Citrus ichangensis) using Internal Chloroplast trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacers and Transcribed Spacer Sequence Regions
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