Xanthomonas campestris pv. incanae (Xci) is the causal agent of bacterial blight disease in ornamental crucifers. We compared the whole genomes of closely related Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, incanae, raphani and four other species of Xanthomonas following comparative genomics approach. We found 82 singletons out of 4024 Xci genes upon comparison. Out of 82 singletons, top 10 were selected for designing Xci specific marker. Five primers; XCI_1F/R, XCI_2F/R, XCI_3F/R, XCI_5F/R and XCI_6F/R produced amplicons of 495 bp, 503 bp, 612 bp, 665 bp and 468 bp, respectively expected to detect Xanthomonas campestris pv. incanae (Xci). In conclusion, five effective markers were developed for the detection of Xci pathogen by whole genome alignment, which could be served as effective tools in seed quarantine.

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• An update to the molecular identification of Xanthomonas campestris disease causing pathogens in crucifers – A mini review
  Nihar Sahu, Masao Watanabe, Jong-In Park
  Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology.2026; 142: 103102.     CrossRef

Brassica rapa cysteine protease 3 (BrCP3) is an endopeptidase member of C1A family (papain-like) and CA clan of cysteine protease. Members of papain-like cysteine protease (CP) have emerged to be key enzymes involved in cell death in response to biotic and environmental stresses. Recent progress of CP research features its diverse and overlapping role in basal and effector-triggered immunity. This study was carried out to characterize BrCP3 gene in Chinese cabbage and explore its function in rice – Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathosystem. Phylogenetic analysis and BLASTP search of its amino acid sequence to the Arabidopsis Protein TAIR 10 database identified BrCP3 as the closest ortholog of Arabidopsis RD21a. The full-length cDNA of BrCP3 was cloned and transformed into the genome of japonica rice cv. ‘Gopum’. Constitutive overexpression of the transgene is driven by Ubi-1 promoter in pFLCIII vector. Regenerated single copy overexpression rice lines were inoculated with three Xoo Korean isolates. Regulation of rice resistance through cysteine protease activity is evident in the overexpression lines which showed enhanced immunity to three isolates as depicted by reduced lesion length compared with the wild type. Our initial results implicate an interesting biological function of BrCP3 in rice system that has never been reported before.

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• Development of Transgenic Brassica Crops against Biotic Stresses Caused by Pathogens and Arthropod Pests
  Jorge Poveda, Marta Francisco, M. Elena Cartea, Pablo Velasco
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• Overexpression of rice premnaspirodiene oxygenase reduces the infection rate ofXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae
  Marjohn C. Niño, Jae-Young Song, Franz Marielle Nogoy, Me-Sun Kim, Yu Jin Jung, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, Illsup Nou, Yong-Gu Cho
  Journal of Plant Biotechnology.2016; 43(4): 422.     CrossRef
• Application and utilization of marker assisted selection for biotic stress resistance in hybrid rice (Oryza sativaL.)
  Jae-Young Song, Sothea Ouk, Franz Marielle Nogoy, Marjohn C. Niño, Soon Wook Kwon, Woongoo Ha, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, Yong-Gu Cho
  Journal of Plant Biotechnology.2016; 43(3): 317.     CrossRef

We analyzed the transcriptional profile of the Xoo infected bbr1 mutant using a commercial rice gene chip containing 51,279 transcripts. Microarray revealed 92 genes with increased levels of expression and 22 genes with decreased levels of expression in bbr1. Some of the differentially expressed genes were validated by qRT-PCR. Higher expression of defense-related genes and AP2 domain containing transcription factors along with lower expression of reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes may be responsible for defense signaling in the bbr1 upon Xoo infection. The putative target genes of AP2 domain containing transcription factors also showed differential gene expression during Xoo infection, some of which encoded bacterial pathogen resistance-related protein. Induction of AP2 domain containing transcription factors along with up-regulation of their putative target genes during Xoo infection may inhibit pathogen spread in the bbr1. This observation supports the hypothesis that AP2 domain containing transcription factors is involved in the regulation of differentially expressed genes in bbr1.

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• Structural and Functional Characterization of EXPO‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plants
  Jiayang Gao, Yanbin Li, Shengqi Zhang, Yilin He, Zhiqi Liu, Juan Wang, Jingmin Hua, Jinyu Chen, Junru Zhong, Huan Zhong, Yiji Xia, Yong Cui, Liwen Jiang
  Advanced Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Regulation of stress-responsive transcription factors of rice by CPPU, a synthetic cytokinin, during water deficit stress at protein level
  Ranjit Singh Gujjar, Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana, Sangeeta Srivastava, Atul Kumar Upadhyay
  Cereal Research Communications.2025; 53(1): 291.     CrossRef
• Diverse Roles of MAX1 Homologues in Rice
  Marek Marzec, Apriadi Situmorang, Philip B. Brewer, Agnieszka Brąszewska
  Genes.2020; 11(11): 1348.     CrossRef
• In Silico Identification of QTL-Based Polymorphic Genes as Salt-Responsive Potential Candidates through Mapping with Two Reference Genomes in Rice
  Buddini Abhayawickrama, Dikkumburage Gimhani, Nisha Kottearachchi, Venura Herath, Dileepa Liyanage, Prasad Senadheera
  Plants.2020; 9(2): 233.     CrossRef
• Unraveling the Genetic Elements Involved in Shoot and Root Growth Regulation by Jasmonate in Rice Using a Genome-Wide Association Study
  Huong Thi Mai To, Hieu Trang Nguyen, Nguyet Thi Minh Dang, Ngan Huyen Nguyen, Thai Xuan Bui, Jérémy Lavarenne, Nhung Thi Phuong Phung, Pascal Gantet, Michel Lebrun, Stephane Bellafiore, Antony Champion
  Rice.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Xylem cavitation susceptibility and refilling mechanisms in olive trees infected by Xylella fastidiosa
  Erika Sabella, Alessio Aprile, Alessandra Genga, Tiziana Siciliano, Eliana Nutricati, Francesca Nicolì, Marzia Vergine, Carmine Negro, Luigi De Bellis, Andrea Luvisi
  Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Application of Statistical Tools for Data Analysis and Interpretation in Rice Plant Pathology
  Parsuram Nayak, Arup Kumar Mukherjee, Elssa Pandit, Sharat Kumar Pradhan
  Rice Science.2018; 25(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Identification and characterization of responsive genes in rice during compatible interactions with pathogenic pathovars of Xanthomonas oryzae
  Moein Khojasteh, Bahman Khahani, Mohsen Taghavi, Elahe Tavakol
  European Journal of Plant Pathology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Finding loci associated to partial resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.).
  Alejandra Vázquez-Lobo, Amanda R. De La Torre, Pedro J. Martínez-García, Carl Vangestel, Jill L. Wegzryn, Irina Ćalić, Deems Burton, Dean Davis, Bohun Kinloch, Detlev Vogler, David B. Neale
  Tree Genetics & Genomes.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Histological and proteomics analysis of apple defense responses to the development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on leaves
  Mathias Ferrari Rockenbach, José Itamar Boneti, Gabriela Claudia Cangahuala-Inocente, Maria Carolina Andrade Gavioli-Nascimento, Miguel Pedro Guerra
  Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology.2015; 89: 97.     CrossRef

Resveratrol is a stilbenoid and phytoalexin produced in response to stresses, such as wounding, and pathogen attacks by bacteria or fungi. Two resveratrol rice lines, Iksan515 and Iksan526, were used to examine resistance against Korean pathogen races for bacterial blight, leaf blast, and brown leaf spot. The screening test for bacterial blight demonstrated an increased susceptibility of both transgenic lines to K1 race, and a more susceptible Iksan515 to K2. Phenotypic evaluation for resistance to brown leaf spot also revealed the susceptibility of Iksan526 to the disease which did not significantly differ from the isogenic variety ‘Dongjin’, and a slightly more susceptible Iksan515 to the disease compared to check. When the lines were screened with three races (KJ301, KJ101 and KJ133) of leaf blasts in the field, both transgenic lines exhibited resistance but at the same level with ‘Dongjin’. Our overall findings suggest that foreign phytoalexin resveratrol production in transgenic rice lines transformed with resveratrol synthase gene did not confer resistance against fungal and bacterial diseases.

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• Effect of genetically modified rice producing resveratrol on the soil microbial communities
  Soo-In Sohn, Young-Ju Oh, Byung-Yong Kim, Soon-Jong Kweon, Hyun-Suk Cho, Tae-Hoon Ryu
  Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry.2015; 58(6): 795.     CrossRef