At the reproductive development stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), temperature stress can decrease spikelet fertility, ultimately resulting in a yield loss. In this study, a total of 98 rice varieties were used in genome-wide association study (GWAS) to understand spikelet fertility under a high temperature (SFHT). GWAS results revealed that two lead SNPs were significantly associated with SFHT. Candidate genes located within ± 250 kb of the corresponding SNP position were discovered, resulting in a total of 21 candidate genes on chromosome 10 and 18 candidate genes on chromosome 11. Based on previously reported function and haplotype analysis, Os10g0177200 (EF-HAND 2domain containing protein) as one candidate gene showed significant differences among groups of haplotypes. This candidate gene will be further evaluated for its function to determine whether it is useful for improving molecular breeding studies and developing new high temperature tolerant rice varieties.

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• Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Using SNPs Markers
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Several environmental and genetic factors affect the isoflavone and anthocyanin contents in soybeans. This study aimed to assess the influences of cotyledon color and harvest period on the contents of five major isoflavones and three major anthocyanins in 323 black soybean landraces grown in Korea. In all the soybeans, malonylgenistin, malonyldaidzin and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the foremost components. The total isoflavone (TIC) and total anthocyanin (TAC) contents were in the ranges of 491.29-1998.39 µg/g and 452.60-2789.37 mg/100 g on dry weight basis, respectively. Both the average TIC and TAC were higher in green cotyledon soybeans (1493.93 µg/g and 1656.05 mg/100 g, respectively) than in yellow cotyledon soybeans (1423.09 µg/g and 1489.30 mg/100 g, respectively). With respect to the harvest period, the average TIC was in the order of Late-October (1517.31 µg/g) > Mid-October (1454.54 µg/g) > Early-October (1340.95 mg/g). Moreover, the average TAC decreased in the order of Late-October (1765.76 mg/100 g) > Mid-October (1503.93 mg/100 g) > Early-October (1350.91 mg/100 g). In general, cotyledon color appeared to cause a significant variation on TAC (P < 0.05) but not on TIC, whereas the harvest period appeared to cause significant variations on both the TAC and TIC. Among the 323 landraces, 20 were identified to contain high TIC (> 1800 mg/g) and TAC (> 2000 mg/100 g) in their seeds and hence, could be considered as important sources of dietary isoflavones and anthocyanins. Besides, they possibly provide a wide spectrum of options if considered during the development of improved soybean genotypes.

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