Xanthomonas campestris pv. incanae (Xci) is the causal agent of bacterial blight disease in ornamental crucifers. We compared the whole genomes of closely related Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, incanae, raphani and four other species of Xanthomonas following comparative genomics approach. We found 82 singletons out of 4024 Xci genes upon comparison. Out of 82 singletons, top 10 were selected for designing Xci specific marker. Five primers; XCI_1F/R, XCI_2F/R, XCI_3F/R, XCI_5F/R and XCI_6F/R produced amplicons of 495 bp, 503 bp, 612 bp, 665 bp and 468 bp, respectively expected to detect Xanthomonas campestris pv. incanae (Xci). In conclusion, five effective markers were developed for the detection of Xci pathogen by whole genome alignment, which could be served as effective tools in seed quarantine.

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Global population is increasing day-by-day, simultaneously, crop production need to increase proportionately. Whereas, increase crop production being restricted due to abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic stresses are adversely affected crop growth and development, leading to crop loss globally and thereby causing huge amount of economic loss as well. Contrary, pathogens are attacked the plants imposing biotic stress and severely hampers the yield. Therefore, it is prime need to understand the molecular mechanism and genes involved to minimize the biotic and abiotic stresses for mitigating the Brassica vegetable crop losses. The stress responsive, pathogens related genes are involved in tolerance or resistance to stress in plants that are cross-talk with different types of stress components in signal transduction pathways. The plants have their own mechanism to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses to follow the abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. Several transcription factors such as WRKY, Alfin-like, MYB, NAC, DREB, CBF are integrating to various stress signals and controlling the gene expression through networking with their related cis-elements. To develop stress tolerance and/or resistant crops plants, there is need to realize both of the plant and pathogenic disease development mechanisms. Therefore, this article is focused on (i) major and devastating stresses on vegetable crops, (ii) role of genes to overcome the stresses, and (iii) differential genes expressed under biotic and abiotic stresses in Brassica oleracea and B. rapa for getting insight of the mechanisms of development of resistance lines.

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Rapeseed is a member of family Brassicaceae, cultivated as oil crop. Rapeseed oil is being utilized from early civilization, but its popularity being declined from the mid-nineteenth century due to presence of erucic acid (C22:1) and glucosinolates. Thereby, several attempts have been made to develop cultivars free from those toxins. In the past 20 years, breeders got success in developing ‘00’-quality rapeseed, known as ‘Canola’. The target mutagenesis of fae-1 and fae-2 of Brassica napus ensured such success. Thereafter, ‘canola’ regains its market as a healthy vegetable oil. Moreover, high oleic acid rapeseed lines, with 86% oleic acid, have been developed by using chemical mutagenesis of FAD2 alleles responsible for desaturation of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2). Recently, high erucic acid rapeseed oil regained interest for biodegradable plastic, cosmetic, emollient industries and for biodiesel. Therefore, breeding approaches have been pursued; unfortunately, that were failed to reach erucic acid level beyond 50% in seed-oil. Rapeseed genotypes over-expressed with Ld-LPAAT separately and Ld-LPAAT-FAE chimaric construct together were tried but failed to reach the erucic acid content more than 60%. Thereof, combined effort of conventional breeding and transgenic approaches are brought together to overcome three hypothesized bottlenecks; reviewed in this article, which restricted erucic acid level near to 60%. Finally, rapeseed genotypes with 78% erucic acid were developed successfully. This material is now available in Germany for using in emollient industries and for biodiesel. Therefore, this article is reviewed on the current status and future outlook for modification of fatty acid profiles of rapeseed oil for its end-use as food, industrial feed-stock and biodiesel.

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