Transposable elements (TEs) play important roles in structural and functional diversification, genome enlargement, and speciation in plant genome. Their derivatives or small non-autonomous TEs play important roles in the alteration of homologous genes by epigenetic control or structural modification. The miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) is one of the representative non-autonomous class II TEs. MITEs include high copy members that are widely distributed and in close association with genic regions, which make MITEs useful targets and resources for in-depth understanding of genome evolution, as well as practical applications in molecular breeding. Here, we discuss the important features of MITEs, such as the identification tools of a novel MITE family, structural characterization, distribution pattern analysis, and impact on evolution in highly duplicated Brassica genome. We show the characteristics, copy numbers, and distribution patterns of 20 novel MITE families, and represent their putative roles in the evolution of the triplicated Brassica genome. We also introduce our MITE database, and discuss the utility of MITEs for developing MITE-derived markers that are useful for molecular breeding of Brassica crops.

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