Cold stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses for stable rice production especially in high-latitude temperate region and high-altitude tropical area. Improving cold tolerance at seedling stage led stable seedling growth with yield stability. In this study, QTLs for cold tolerance at seedling stage were identified using the 96 introgression lines (ILs) derived from an inter-specific cross between Hwaseong (Oryza sativa) and Oryza rufipogon. Three QTLs were detected and the O. rufipogon alleles at two QTL (qCTS1 and qCTS12) improved cold tolerance in the Hwaseong genetic background whereas the O. rufipogon allele at qCTS10 on chromosome 10 decreased cold tolerance. Among these three QTLs, a major QTL qCTS12 explained 27.5% of phenotypic variation. Fine-mapping indicated that qCTS12 was different from those QTL reported in previous studies based on the map location suggesting that qCTS12 might be a new allele and is not associated with deleterious genes such fertility reduction. Among the 96 introgression lines, two lines, CR60 and CR61 were selected based on enhanced cold tolerance at seedling stage. qCTS12, therefore, provides a valuable allele for breeding rice with improved cold tolerance.

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• Stage-specific screening reveals differential resilience response to cold stress in rice
  Fahamida Akter, Partha S. Biswas, Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam, Mohammad Sharif Raihan, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Khandakar Md. Iftekharuddaula, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, John Damien Platten, Md Ashrafuzzaman
  PLOS One.2026; 21(4): e0338290.     CrossRef
• Genome-wide Association Study for Cold Tolerance at Seedling Stage Using a Core Collection of Korean Rice
  Sa-Eun Park, Ngoc Ha Luong, Sang-Nag Ahn, Kyu-Chan Shim
  Journal of Agriculture & Life Science.2025; 59(2): 13.     CrossRef
• Identification of QTLs Related to Plant Growth at Low Temperatures in the Seedling Stage of Tongil Type Rice after Transplanting
  Seong-Gyu Jang, Ji-Yoon Lee, Ju-Won Kang, Youngho Kwon, So-Myeong Lee, Sais-Beul Lee, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Dong-Soo Park, Jong-Hee Lee, Soon-Wook Kwon, Sumin Jo
  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2024; 56(3): 225.     CrossRef

Development of salt tolerance in rice through breeding program is mainly depends on the salinity responses of the potential rice germplasms. Coastal rice landraces of Bangladesh possess diverse morphological and physiological responses to salinity. Hence, our target is to identify candidate salt-tolerant coastal rice genotypes as a new source of salt tolerance (12 dS/m). Here, we annotated 20 Bangladeshi coastal Aus landrace rice regarding their phenotypic and genetic relatedness to salinity tolerance through multivariate analyses of five morpho-physiological traits namely, salt injury score (SIS), ion-leakage, chlorophyll concentration, root-shoot reduction percentage and profiling of DNA using simple sequence repeat (SSR). Based on the standard evaluation score (SES) the salt-induced coastal rice landraces were grouped into highly susceptible (HS), susceptible (S), moderately tolerant (MT), tolerant (T) and highly tolerant (HT). Besides, a canonical discrimination analysis of the mean trait values of five morpho-physiological parameters confirmed the above mentioned five categories of salinity tolerance. Based on all morpho-physiological parameters one genotype (Kalihytta) as highly tolerant (HT), two genotypes (Manikmuri and Monsur IRRI) as tolerant (T) and five genotypes (Nara, Iratom 27, Matichak, Abdul high IRRI and Parija) were identified as moderately tolerant (MT) against salinity. Finally, the molecular characterization using two SSR markers (RM493 and RM3412) revealed Kalihytta, Nara, Iratom 27, Parija, Lal jamaibabu and Fullbadam, as tolerant against salt stress. Our candidate salt tolerant Aus rice genotypes could be useful as novel sources of salt tolerance for thriving salt-tolerant high yielding varieties in the coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh.

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• Marker-assisted breeding accelerates the development of multiple-stress-tolerant rice genotypes adapted to wider environments
  Vignesh Mohanavel, Valarmathi Muthu, Rohit Kambale, Rakshana Palaniswamy, Prisca Seeli, Bharathi Ayyenar, Veeraranjani Rajagopalan, Sudha Manickam, Raghu Rajasekaran, Hifzur Rahman, Jagadeeshselvam Nallathambi, Manonmani Swaminathan, Gopalakrishnan Chella
  Frontiers in Plant Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) has been increasingly used as bloomless rootstock for cucumber (Cucumis sativus), but it is sensitive to low-temperature, which is the major bottleneck for winter cultivation. Hence, to develop low-temperature tolerant rootstock varieties, it is needed to identify tolerant germplasm from a wide range of genetic resources. For this, we developed a selection criterion for a quick assessment of low-temperature tolerance in pumpkin germplasms from different geographical origins. We considered various indexes for the fast evaluation of low-temperature tolerance, including seedling developmental stage, type of seedling (excised or non-excised), growth space, etc. Under the testing condition (17℃/7℃, 8 hours light/16 hours dark, 150 μmol m^-2s^-1 light intensity), we found a correlation (r=0.71*) in root growth between 3 weeks-cultured excised seedlings and 6 weeks-cultured non-excised seedlings. Therefore, we extrapolate that excised cotyledonary stage seedling treated for 3 weeks is sufficient to differentiate the tolerant germplasms. Using this screening method, we identified the “S81015” could prevail low-temperature stress. Further, we tested grafting compatibility and growth of grafted cucumbers under the low-temperature condition to assess the effect of rootstock and identify low-temperature tolerant and grafting-compatible rootstock germplasm. Upon grafting, we found a high correlation (r=0.97**) between the root fresh weight of 6 weeks-cultured non-excised seedlings and the shoot fresh weight of the grafted cucumbers. In summary, we could identify the low-temperature tolerant pumpkin germplasms by screening at the early developmental stage. Further, as a rootstock, the tolerant pumpkins also fortified the low-temperature tolerance of grafted cucumbers.

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• Identification of a Novel Candidate Gene for Chilling Tolerance in Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Using Whole-Genome Resequencing
  Hemasundar Alavilli, Jeong-Jin Lee, Chae-Rin You, Sang-Choon Lee, Kihwan Song
  Journal of Plant Biology.2023; 66(4): 317.     CrossRef

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed, cash crop grown worldwide mainly in a tropical and subtropical climate. Drought stress (DS) is one of the serious abiotic stresses that alter the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of plants and causes huge production loss across the globe. The aim of this study, to investigate the twenty widely grown Korean genotypes at the seedling stage under the control and drought stress conditions, to identify tolerant lines as well as related traits. In addition, the influence of DS and rehydration or recovery after stress on peanut genotypes was also studied. Initial screening showed that given genotypes had a differential response to DS, demonstrating a wide range of variation in tested peanut genotypes during the seedling stage towards the DS. Further, based on investigation of the different growth attributes and biochemical assessment six genotypes (Palkwang, Milkwang, and Daekwang) and (Daekwang, Haeol, and Heukhwaseang) were observed as drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive lines respectively. The findings of this study will aid in the selection of peanut genotypes in future breeding efforts aimed at improving drought tolerance and minimizing peanut production loss.

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• Mitigating the negative impact of irrigation water deficit in oat (Avena sativa L.) with glutamic acid foliar application
  M. M. Tawfik, Gehan A. Amin, Mervat S. Sadak, Gehan Sh. Bakhoum
  Vegetos.2026; 39(2): 534.     CrossRef
• Within-plant variability in pod maturity and preharvest sprouting in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Physiological drivers, agronomic impacts, and integrated mitigation strategies
  Yohannes Gelaye, Huaiyong Luo
  Oil Crop Science.2026; 11(1): 92.     CrossRef
• State-of-the-art AI-enabled mobile device for real-time water stress detection of field crops
  Narendra Singh Chandel, Subir Kumar Chakraborty, Abhilash K. Chandel, Kumkum Dubey, Subeesh A, Dilip Jat, Yogesh A. Rajwade
  Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence.2024; 131: 107863.     CrossRef
• Optimizing Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Production: Genetic Insights, Climate Adaptation, and Efficient Management Practices: Systematic Review
  Yohannes Gelaye, Huaiyong Luo
  Plants.2024; 13(21): 2988.     CrossRef
• Phenotyping Peanut Drought Stress with Aerial Remote-Sensing and Crop Index Data
  Maria Balota, Sayantan Sarkar, Rebecca S. Bennett, Mark D. Burow
  Agriculture.2024; 14(4): 565.     CrossRef
• Induction of Tolerance in Groundnut Plants Against Drought Stress and Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease with Exogenous Application of Arginine and Sodium Nitroprusside Under Field Conditions
  Gehan Sh. Bakhoum, Mervat Sh. Sadak, Marian S. Thabet
  Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition.2023; 23(4): 6612.     CrossRef

Rice is a temperature-sensitive crop, its yield is severely affected by low temperature, especially cold stress at the seedling stage will delay heading. To understand the genetic basis of cold tolerance, we evaluated the cold tolerance at the seedling stage of 136 rice accessions. To evaluate cold tolerance, we treated rice seedlings with cold water irrigation for ten days and scored the cold tolerance on a 1-9 scale, based on their low-temperature response and subsequent recovery. The genome-wide association study for cold tolerance revealed seven QTLs on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, and 12. The genomic region of the qCWS7 on chromosome 7 overlapped with a previously reported QTL associated with cold tolerance in the germinating stage. Similarly, qCWS1-1, qCWS1-2, qCWS3, qCWS6, and qCWS10 overlapped with a previously reported QTL associated with drought-stress tolerance. Subsequent bioinformatic and haplotype analyses suggested that five candidate genes affect cold tolerance: Os01g0228600 encoding a cytosolic hydroxypyruvate reductase, Os03g0115000 encoding a cupredoxin domain containing protein, Os06g0612800 encoding a stress-associated protein (SAP) gene family, Os12g0552500 encoding a universal stress protein (USP), and Os10g0482900 encoding a thioredoxin fold domain containing protein.

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• Analysis of quantitative trait loci and candidate gene exploration associated with cold tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the seedling stage
  Sumin Jo, Seong-Gyu Jang, Sais-Beul Lee, Ji-Yoon Lee, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Ju-Won Kang, Yeongho Kwon, So-Myeong Lee, Dong-Soo Park, Soon-Wook Kwon, Jong-Hee Lee
  Frontiers in Plant Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Genome-wide Association Study for Cold Tolerance at Seedling Stage Using a Core Collection of Korean Rice
  Sa-Eun Park, Ngoc Ha Luong, Sang-Nag Ahn, Kyu-Chan Shim
  Journal of Agriculture & Life Science.2025; 59(2): 13.     CrossRef
• Predicting the influence of extreme temperatures on grain production in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains using a spatially-aware deep learning model
  Zijun Mu, Junfei Xia
  PeerJ.2024; 12: e18234.     CrossRef

Traditional rice landraces of coastal areas in Bangladesh are distinct in respect to their phenotypes, responses to salt stress and yield attributes. In characterization of coastal rice landraces, 46 rice genotypes were tested for salt tolerance at their seedling and reproductive growth stages. Through the cluster analysis following standard evaluation score (SES), genotypes were divided into five categories (highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately tolerant, tolerant and highly tolerant) at their seedling stage. Three coastal genotypes, viz. chorbindi, joyni and kedgrangal mota, were grouped as highly saline tolerant at their seedling stage. In studying reproductive stage salinity screening, based on mean score values obtained from different morphological and yield parameters (plant height, number of effective tillers/hill, number of filled grains, panicle length, 100-grain weight, and straw dry weight), kutiakon and kajolshail were identified as the salinity tolerant landraces while tulsimala, dudhkalom, birindi, bushihara, lalmota, chorboleshor, lalchikon and bashful chikon were found as moderately tolerant to salinity. Finally, the molecular characterization using two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, viz., RM493 and RM3412 revealed holde mota, dingamoni, kedgrangal mota, sada mota, laxmima, dishari, lal chikon, kalijira, kalo khaya, khaioz, chorbindi, kajolshail, kutiakon, bamonkhir, dudhmora, sakhorkhora, mota dhan, and sorbimaloti as tolerant landraces. These identified salt-tolerant landraces can be used as promising germplasm resources for breeding salt-tolerant high-yielding rice varieties in the future.

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• Diversity Analysis of Bangladeshi Coastal Rice Landraces (Oryza sativa) for Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Markers' Responses to Seedling Salinity Tolerance
  Hafsa Sultana, Uzzal Somaddar, Swadesh Chandra Samanta, Abul Kashem Chowdhury, Gopal Saha
  Plant Breeding and Biotechnology.2022; 10(2): 115.     CrossRef

The
objective
of this study was to detect QTLs for rice seedling traits under normal water (control) and low water conditions (drought stress). Ninety-eight recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between closely-related japonica cultivars, M-203 and M-206 were grown under both low water and normal water conditions. QTLs for morphological traits were investigated at seedling stage using 5,164 single nucleotide polymorphisms via genotyping-by-sequencing. Twenty-three QTLs were associated with four seedling traits: shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SW) and root dry weight (RW), were detected and most QTLs were clustered on chromosome 1, 6, 7 and 11. Under normal water conditions, nine QTLs for seedling traits were detected and M-203 alleles increased all the values. The locations of most QTLs were consistent with genes that regulate or respond to auxin and gibberellin. For drought tolerance, fourteen QTLs were detected including seven for drought stress conditions and seven for relative performance (values from drought stress conditions/normal water conditions). Seven QTLs from drought stress conditions coincided with the loci of previously identified drought tolerance genes. Based on the shoot and root length under drought stress conditions, five lines exhibiting the highest values in common were selected as a drought tolerance group. Those lines exhibited better growth than the parents under drought stress conditions and had QTLs alleles for drought tolerance detected in this study. QTL information and selected lines may be used for improving seedling vigor and drought tolerance of rice in breeding programs.

Citations

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• Morpho-physiological and biochemical response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drought stress: A review
  Utsav Bhandari, Aakriti Gajurel, Bharat Khadka, Ishwor Thapa, Isha Chand, Dibya Bhatta, Anju Poudel, Meena Pandey, Suraj Shrestha, Jiban Shrestha
  Heliyon.2023; 9(3): e13744.     CrossRef
• Meta-QTL and ortho-MQTL analyses identified genomic regions controlling rice yield, yield-related traits and root architecture under water deficit conditions
  Bahman Khahani, Elahe Tavakol, Vahid Shariati, Laura Rossini
  Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Cold stress is an emerging threat for rice production in Bangladesh particularly in Boro season (winter rice) at seedling stage. Cold stress during seedbed stage or early establishment stage at the main field induces severe seedling mortality that increases cost cultivation and delays crop establishment and ultimately entails into low yield. Development of sustainable cold tolerant high yielding rice varieties warrants an efficient and economic screening technique of germplasms and breeding population. The protocols for cold screening that so far have been used by the breeders and reported in literature are generally dependent on natural cool temperature and/or expensive climate chamber. In this paper, we report an in-house screening protocol that requires less than three weeks to complete the screening cycle and can be used all year round for mass screening of breeding population.

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• Stage-specific screening reveals differential resilience response to cold stress in rice
  Fahamida Akter, Partha S. Biswas, Abul Kalam Mohammad Aminul Islam, Mohammad Sharif Raihan, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Khandakar Md. Iftekharuddaula, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, John Damien Platten, Md Ashrafuzzaman
  PLOS One.2026; 21(4): e0338290.     CrossRef
• Effects of low-temperature stress at different growth stages on rice physiology, pollen viability and yield in China’s cold region
  Lifeng Guo, Xiaodong Du, Jianing Chang, Jingjin Gong, Zheng Chu, Jiajia Lv, Lixia Jiang, Xi Liang
  PLOS One.2025; 20(8): e0329441.     CrossRef
• Development of a Seedling Screening Method for Low-Temperature Tolerance in Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and Selection of the Tolerant Resources for Rootstock of Cucumber
  Chae-Rin You, Hemasundar Alavilli, Kihwan Song
  Plant Breeding and Biotechnology.2022; 10(2): 102.     CrossRef
• Contribution of IR20 and IR64 in Developing Three Bangladeshi Popular Rice Cultivars
  MM Emam Ahmed, Avijit Biswas, Sadia Afrin
  Plant Breeding and Biotechnology.2022; 10(2): 81.     CrossRef
• Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Rice Genotypes’ Tolerance to Cold Stress at the Seedling Stage
  Nasira Akter, Partha Sarathi Biswas, Md. Abu Syed, Nasrin Akter Ivy, Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani, Ahmed Gaber, Akbar Hossain
  Sustainability.2022; 14(9): 4871.     CrossRef
• Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Basis of Chilling Tolerance in Rice at the Reproductive Stage
  Byeong Yong Jeong, Yoonjung Lee, Yebin Kwon, Jee Hye Kim, Tae-Ho Ham, Soon-Wook Kwon, Joohyun Lee
  Plants.2021; 10(8): 1722.     CrossRef
• Responses of Grain Yield and Yield Related Parameters to Post-Heading Low-Temperature Stress in Japonica Rice
  Iftikhar Ali, Liang Tang, Junjie Dai, Min Kang, Aqib Mahmood, Wei Wang, Bing Liu, Leilei Liu, Weixing Cao, Yan Zhu
  Plants.2021; 10(7): 1425.     CrossRef
• Mapping and validation of QTLs for cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice from an indica cultivar Habiganj Boro VI (Hbj.BVI)
  Partha S. Biswas, Hasina Khatun, Nomita Das, Md. Mahathir Sarker, M. Anisuzzaman
  3 Biotech.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef

An experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variation among twenty-one fluted pumpkin genotypes for seedling traits. The seeds of the fluted pumpkin were germinated in nursery bags filled with saw dust at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between July and August, 2013. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Characters evaluated were emergence percentage (E%), emergence index, emergence index rate, vine length (cm), leaf area (cm²), number of leaves, shoot dry weight (g), and seedling vigour index (SVI). Significant (P≤0.05) differences were observed among the fluted pumpkin genotypes for the evaluated characters. High E% was observed for genotypes Ftn45 (94.80%), Ftn43 (93.30%), Ftn57 (93.30%), Fte41 (90.0%), Ftn61 (86.70%), and Ftm11 (83.30%). Also, these genotypes had above average values for SVI. High phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for leaf area (75.44%) and dry shoot weight (55.85%), respectively while heritability estimates above 50% was observed for leaf area (82.0%), dry weight (77.78%), E% (70.84%), and SVI (51.98%). The genetic advance was high for E% (38.37), SVI (38.09), and leaf area. SVI, E%, vine length, and leaf area had significant positive correlation with most of the traits therefore, they can be used as selection criteria in fluted pumpkin. Therefore, genetic improvement of early seedling can be used for selection programme in fluted pumpkin.

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• Interrelationship Between Emergence and Yield Parameters in Mung Bean: Implication for Selection
  Qudrah Olaitan Oloyede-Kamiyo, Adedotun Daniel Adewumi, Paul Chiedozie Ukachukwu, Mayowa Segun Oladipo
  Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae.2024; 27(2): 90.     CrossRef
• Genotype × environment interaction and adaptation of cowpea genotypes across six planting seasons
  Abiola AJAYİ, Alaba GBADAMOSİ, Oluwatoyin OSEKİTA, Babatunde TAİWO, Ato Babawole FAWIBE, Iyanu ADEDEJİ, Temitope OMİSAKİN
  Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies.2022; 3(1): 7.     CrossRef
• Probing of the genetic components of seedling emergence traits as selection indices, and correlation with grain yield characteristics of some tropical maize varieties
  Sunday Ayodele Ige, Omolaran Bello, Aremu Charity, Abolusoro Stephen
  Open Agriculture.2021; 6(1): 223.     CrossRef
• Multivariate analysis techniques reveal significant morphogenetic variability in pumpkin landraces in Kenya
  James Kirimi Kiramana, Dorcas Khasungu Isutsa
  International Journal of Biosciences (IJB).2018; : 297.     CrossRef

Low temperature stress at the seedling stage of rice is an important factor causing the leaf discoloration, wilting and consequently leads to non-uniform crop maturation. In order to screen the cold tolerance elite lines efficiently, the five cold treatment conditions with different water and air temperature were designed and treated at seedling stage. For the evaluation of seedling tolerance, the injury was scored by visual rate and measured by Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) meter. In the reactions of varieties for each treatment, the treatment ‘B’ condition, 12ºC mean water with 24ºC mean air, shows clear discoloration, so it’s correlation coefficient was highest (r=−0.9, P<0.0001) among the treatments. In the treatment condition for screening the cold-tolerance elite line, the cultivar, treatment and their interaction significantly affect the SPAD value. The ‘A’ treatment, 12ºC mean water with 34ºC mean air, was the best way to observe the variation between the elite lines. On the basis of the Duncan’s test for SPAD value of cultivars, Keumo (moderate tolerant), Saetbyeol (sensitive) and Seolak (tolerant) were selected as check varieties. To study its impacts at the paddy field, the changes of crop characteristics such as height, panicle length, number of tiller and heading were investigated. In later growth period, the seedling treatment impact at the paddy field leads to heading delay. Due to the low temperature stress at the seedling stage induced by 12ºC mean cold water, Japonica and Tongil group shows the heading delay 4 to 7 and 8 to 11 days respectively.

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• Genome-wide Association Study for Cold Tolerance at Seedling Stage Using a Core Collection of Korean Rice
  Sa-Eun Park, Ngoc Ha Luong, Sang-Nag Ahn, Kyu-Chan Shim
  Journal of Agriculture & Life Science.2025; 59(2): 13.     CrossRef
• Identification of QTLs Related to Plant Growth at Low Temperatures in the Seedling Stage of Tongil Type Rice after Transplanting
  Seong-Gyu Jang, Ji-Yoon Lee, Ju-Won Kang, Youngho Kwon, So-Myeong Lee, Sais-Beul Lee, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Dong-Soo Park, Jong-Hee Lee, Soon-Wook Kwon, Sumin Jo
  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2024; 56(3): 225.     CrossRef
• Haplotype analysis of Tongil-type rice varieties through sequence polymorphism analysis of cold tolerance-enhancing genes
  Youngeun Lee, Sais-Beul Lee, Ju-Won Kang, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Dong-Soo Park, Jong-Hee Lee, Dongjin Shin, Byung Jun Jin
  Journal of Plant Biotechnology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Temporal Changes of Leaf Spectral Properties and Rapid Chlorophyll—A Fluorescence under Natural Cold Stress in Rice Seedlings
  Árpád Székely, Tímea Szalóki, Mihály Jancsó, János Pauk, Csaba Lantos
  Plants.2023; 12(13): 2415.     CrossRef
• Efficient Cold Tolerance Evaluation of Four Species of Liliaceae Plants through Cell Death Measurement and Lethal Temperature Prediction
  Woo-Hyeong Yang, Seong-Hyeon Yong, Dong-Jin Park, Sung-Jin Ahn, Do-Hyun Kim, Kwan-Been Park, Eon-Ju Jin, Myung-Suk Choi
  Horticulturae.2023; 9(7): 751.     CrossRef

Drought is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting wheat production and development of tolerant genotypes is limited by the lack of effective selection criteria. A genetic analysis of drought tolerance indices at seedling stage (i.e. root length, shoot length, root/shoot ratio and seedling dry weight) was performed for a seven-parent half diallel cross of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Egypt. The parents and their F₂ progenies were evaluated in the laboratory under osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with five treatments (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% PEG-6000). Grain yield per spike was also evaluated under drought stressed field conditions. The parent P₇ had maximum root and shoot lengths under stress conditions, highest root/shoot ratio under 20% PEG and higher grain yield per spike than the other parents suggesting that P₇ possessed stress tolerance genes. Grain yield/spike was significantly correlated with root length (r= 0.41, P<0.05) and seedling dry weight (r= 0.46, P<0.05) at 15% PEG. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in the genetic control of all traits. Rather low to moderately narrow-sense heritability was obtained for root length (0.18 and 0.12) and shoot length (0.19 and 0.12) at 15 and 20% PEG, respectively; root/shoot ratio (0.15) and seedling dry weight (0.16) at 15% PEG. Moderate genetic advance was observed for root length (41.24%) and shoot length (29.96%) under stress conditions suggesting that selection could be practiced on both traits for improving drought tolerance in wheat breeding programs.

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• Correlation of Root System Architecture at Early Seedling Stage and Coleoptile Length and Grain Properties of Korean Wheat Cultivars
  Kyeong-Min Kim, Sumin Hong, Myung-Goo Choi, Changhyun Choi, Myoung Hui Lee, Mira Yoon, Chon-Sik Kang, Ki-Chang Jang, Youngjun Mo, Chul Soo Park
  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2024; 56(2): 113.     CrossRef
• Insights into Drought Tolerance of Tetraploid Wheat Genotypes in the Germination Stage Using Machine Learning Algorithms
  Berk Benlioğlu, Fatih Demirel, Aras Türkoğlu, Kamil Haliloğlu, Hamdi Özaktan, Sebastian Kujawa, Magdalena Piekutowska, Tomasz Wojciechowski, Gniewko Niedbała
  Agriculture.2024; 14(2): 206.     CrossRef
• Identifying Bioactive Compounds in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants under Water Deficit Conditions
  María José Gómez-Bellot, Lilisbet Guerrero, José Enrique Yuste, Fernando Vallejo, María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco
  Horticulturae.2024; 10(7): 663.     CrossRef
• Identification and Validation of a Chromosome 4D Quantitative Trait Locus Hotspot Conferring Heat Tolerance in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  Lu Lu, Hui Liu, Yu Wu, Guijun Yan
  Plants.2022; 11(6): 729.     CrossRef
• Screening and Assessment of Selected Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage
  Md. Rezwan Molla, Md. Motiar Rohman, Mahmuda Binte Monsur, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Lutful Hassan
  Phyton.2021; 90(5): 1425.     CrossRef
• Regulation of expression of genes associated with nitrate response by osmotic stress and combined osmotic and nitrogen deficiency stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  Douha Mahmoud, Renu Pandey, Lekshmy Sathee, Monika Dalal, Madan Pal Singh, Viswanathan Chinnusamy
  Plant Physiology Reports.2020; 25(2): 200.     CrossRef
• Genetic analysis of drought-adaptive traits at seedling stage in early-maturing maize inbred lines and field performance under stress conditions
  S. A. Adewale, R. O. Akinwale, M. A. B. Fakorede, B. Badu-Apraku
  Euphytica.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Analysis of Genetic Components of Important Traits in Wheat
  Bahman Khahani, Behnam Naserian, Mohammad Reza Bihamta
  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences.2018; 88(4): 1573.     CrossRef
• QTL mapping for seedling morphology under drought stress in wheat cross synthetic (W7984)/Opata
  Maria Khalid, Alvina Gul, Rabia Amir, Mohsin Ali, Fakiha Afzal, Umar Masood Quraishi, Zubair Ahmed, Awais Rasheed
  Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization.2018; 16(4): 359.     CrossRef
• Evaluating interspecific wheat hybrids based on heat and drought stress tolerance
  Mohamed I. Hassan, Elsayed A. Mohamed, Mahmoud A. El-rawy, Karam A. Amein
  Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology.2016; 19(1): 85.     CrossRef

Low-temperature stress is an important factor controlling the growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in temperate region. In this study, a molecular linkage map consisting of 136 SSR markers was employed to identify QTL associated with cold tolerance at the seedling stage. 80 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from an intersubspecific cross between Milyang23 (O. sativa ssp. Indica) and Hapcheonaengmi3, a japonica weedy rice and the parents were evaluated for leaf discoloration and SAPD value of seedlings. Rice plants were grown for 15 days in the low-temperature condition (13/20°C day/night) and the control condition (25/20°C day/night) in the growth chamber. The degree of leaf discoloration showed a highly significant correlation with the SPAD value in the low-temperature plot (r = −0.708, P < 0.0001). A total of four QTLs for SPAD were identified and the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 5.4 to 16.0%. Two QTLs detected in the control condition were located on chromosomes 2 and 5, respectively. Two QTL on chromosomes 1 and 4 were detected at the low-temperature condition and Hapcheonaengmi3 alleles increased the SPAD values at these loci. Substitution mapping was conducted to delimit the position of qSPA-4 using introgression lines derived from the same cross. Results indicated that qSPA-4 was located in a 810-Kb region flanked by RM16333 and RM16368. The results indicated that Hapcheonaengmi3 contains QTL alleles that are likely to improve cold tolerance of Indica rice.

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