Genetic variability and correlation analysis are fundamental references for the innovative development of breeding programs to improve varieties and desirable traits. In the present study, the correlation and path analysis was conducted to understand the association among yield, micronutrients (iron and zinc), and protein content under aerobic conditions in local rice landraces from various agro ecological regions of Karnataka, India. The grain yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation with plant height, the tiller number, spikelet fertility, flag leaf length, and test weight. The zinc content was negatively correlated with grain yield per plant. The phenotypic path-coefficient analysis revealed that the total number of tillers, grain length, test weight, and harvest index exhibited a positive direct effect on grain yield per plant, while Grain protein content showed a low direct effect on this trait. This study also indicated that harvest index, flag leaf length, spikelet fertility, and test weight could be considered to make for a higher yield.

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Biofortification is a cost-effective method for increasing the availability of micronutrients. Rice breeding for high levels of micronutrients is one of the best approaches to solve the problem of malnutrition. In this study, we developed a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between the rice cultivars 93-11 and Milyang 352 and evaluated QTLs for grain micronutrients and grain shape. Two co-localized QTLs, qFe3-1 and qZn3-1, were identified in the interval between ah03002520 and cmb0336.5 on chromosome 3, which explained 17.6% and 10.5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Correlation analysis between agronomic and micronutrient traits showed positive correlations between grain Fe and Zn contents but a negative correlation between grain Fe content and length-to-width ratio. This indicated the possibility of simultaneously increasing both Fe and Zn content in rice grains for improving the micronutrient profile of rice. We selected some promising lines by recombinant selection using linked markers on chromosome 3. The co-localized QTLs qFe3-1 and qZn3-1 might be useful for the improvement of biofortified rice breeding by marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding.

Citations

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