Fragrance is considered one of the most highly valued grain quality traits in rice, yet its genetic basis among Philippine cultivars, especially traditional accessions, is unknown. This study characterized the fragrance gene Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 2 (BADH2) in selected Philippine aromatic rice cultivars at the DNA, transcript, and phenotypic level. DNA fragment length analysis showed that eight out of 18 cultivars were positive for badh2.1, an allele responsible for the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), the marker compound for fragrance in rice. DNA sequence alignment of nine cultivars confirmed the absence of 8 base pairs (bp) and three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in exon 7 in Dinorado White, Saigorot, and Salanay, while revealing several other nucleotide variations in other coding regions and immediate upstream region of the gene. The BADH2 gene expression profile showed that aromatic cultivars have varying lower amounts of the BADH2 mRNA than the non-aromatic cultivars. Results in 2AP analysis showed significant discrepancies in 2AP levels among cultivars during wet and dry season, which may be due to some possible factors such as sequence variation in the coding regions of BADH2, affecting gene expression, and environmental factors such as exposure to stress or postharvest processes. Overall, results have shown that aroma production among the Philippine aromatic cultivars was not due to just one genetic mechanism. Further investigation regarding analysis at the protein level, characterization of regulatory mechanisms in gene expression, and finding new genes that may be involved in the production of aroma must be pursued.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Variability in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline production and associated mutations in BADH2 gene in aromatic rice cultivars of Bangladesh
  Mahmuda Umme Rayhan, Habibul Bari Shozib, Fardous Mohammad Safiul Azam, Tofazzal Islam
  Gene Reports.2023; 33: 101847.     CrossRef

Plants adapt to hostile environmental condition through specialized cellular processes which require coordinated regulation of multiple transport mechanisms. Low-affinity cation transporter (LCT) 1 is a membrane transporter gene exclusive only to members of the grass family, and the rice genome contained only one copy of the gene. Accumulating evidence highlighted the important role of this gene in the regulation of various cations transport into the plant cells including heavy metals. To further characterize the role of this membrane transporter in planta, we overexpressed the OsLCT1 in japonica rice using CaMV 35S and screened the transgenic plants for high salt toxicity at the seedling stage. A striking difference in the phenotype of OsLCT1-overexpression plants and the wild-type was observed at seven days after treatment, where transgenic plants exhibited moderate tolerance reaction to salinity stress. Our findings suggest that OsLCT1 gene can be useful to develop new resistant varieties against salinity stress.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Comprehensive Approaches to Mitigating Heavy Metals and Metalloids Contamination: Plant Mechanisms, Biotechnological Advances, and Strategic Interventions
  Ibrahim Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Lubna, Sang-Mo Kang, In-Jung Lee
  Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Plant transporters: roles in stress responses and effects on growth and development
  Ping Li, Ting Luo, Xiaojun Pu, Ying Zhou, Jianing Yu, Li Liu
  Plant Growth Regulation.2021; 93(3): 253.     CrossRef
• Genome-wide identification and molecular characterization of cysteine protease genes in rice
  Marjohn C. Niño, Me-Sun Kim, Kwon Kyoo Kang, Yong-Gu Cho
  Plant Biotechnology Reports.2020; 14(1): 69.     CrossRef
• Functional Analysis of Starch Metabolism in Plants
  Yong-Gu Cho, Kwon-Kyoo Kang
  Plants.2020; 9(9): 1152.     CrossRef

Brassica rapa cysteine protease 3 (BrCP3) is an endopeptidase member of C1A family (papain-like) and CA clan of cysteine protease. Members of papain-like cysteine protease (CP) have emerged to be key enzymes involved in cell death in response to biotic and environmental stresses. Recent progress of CP research features its diverse and overlapping role in basal and effector-triggered immunity. This study was carried out to characterize BrCP3 gene in Chinese cabbage and explore its function in rice – Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathosystem. Phylogenetic analysis and BLASTP search of its amino acid sequence to the Arabidopsis Protein TAIR 10 database identified BrCP3 as the closest ortholog of Arabidopsis RD21a. The full-length cDNA of BrCP3 was cloned and transformed into the genome of japonica rice cv. ‘Gopum’. Constitutive overexpression of the transgene is driven by Ubi-1 promoter in pFLCIII vector. Regenerated single copy overexpression rice lines were inoculated with three Xoo Korean isolates. Regulation of rice resistance through cysteine protease activity is evident in the overexpression lines which showed enhanced immunity to three isolates as depicted by reduced lesion length compared with the wild type. Our initial results implicate an interesting biological function of BrCP3 in rice system that has never been reported before.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Development of Transgenic Brassica Crops against Biotic Stresses Caused by Pathogens and Arthropod Pests
  Jorge Poveda, Marta Francisco, M. Elena Cartea, Pablo Velasco
  Plants.2020; 9(12): 1664.     CrossRef
• Overexpression of rice premnaspirodiene oxygenase reduces the infection rate ofXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae
  Marjohn C. Niño, Jae-Young Song, Franz Marielle Nogoy, Me-Sun Kim, Yu Jin Jung, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, Illsup Nou, Yong-Gu Cho
  Journal of Plant Biotechnology.2016; 43(4): 422.     CrossRef
• Application and utilization of marker assisted selection for biotic stress resistance in hybrid rice (Oryza sativaL.)
  Jae-Young Song, Sothea Ouk, Franz Marielle Nogoy, Marjohn C. Niño, Soon Wook Kwon, Woongoo Ha, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, Yong-Gu Cho
  Journal of Plant Biotechnology.2016; 43(3): 317.     CrossRef

An increasing preference for good eating quality of rice among consumers has become one of the important considerations in rice breeding. Amylose content is a leading factor affecting eating quality of rice. Amylose composition is determined by the relative activity of soluble starch synthase (SSS) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). This study focused on modifying the expression of SSSI gene which is responsible for amylopectin and amylose synthesis in rice by using RNA interference (RNAi) technology. The transgenic rice plants showed various amylose contents (11–17%) in rice grains. Favorable rice lines were selected according to genomic PCR, transgene expression and amylose contents analysis. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to determine the expression level of SSSI gene after flowering of transgenic rice and wild type. Down-regulation of SSSI gene in transgenic plants was evident in the decreasing expression in rice grains. Accordingly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed uniform size with smooth curves starch granules in down-regulation rice lines, in contrast with the non-uniform granules in wild type. Results indicated that RNAi-SSSI transgenic lines produced low amylose contents that fell between glutinous and non-glutinous rice. This study showed that down-regulation of endogenous SSSI may improve the eating quality in rice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Biochemical markers for low glycemic index and approaches to alter starch digestibility in rice
  Awadhesh Kumar, Upasana Sahoo, Milan Kumar Lal, Rahul Kumar Tiwari, Sangram Keshari Lenka, Nihar Ranjan Singh, Om Prakash Gupta, Rameswar Prasad Sah, Srigopal Sharma
  Journal of Cereal Science.2022; 106: 103501.     CrossRef
• Soluble Starch Synthase Enzymes in Cereals: An Updated Review
  Ahsan Irshad, Huijun Guo, Shoaib Ur Rehman, Xueqing Wang, Chaojie Wang, Ali Raza, Chunyun Zhou, Yuting Li, Luxiang Liu
  Agronomy.2021; 11(10): 1983.     CrossRef
• SSIIIa-RNAi suppression associated changes in rice grain quality and starch biosynthesis metabolism in response to high temperature
  Qian Zhao, Yu Ye, Zhanyu Han, Lujian Zhou, Xianyue Guan, Gang Pan, Muhammad-Asad-Ullah Asad, Fangmin Cheng
  Plant Science.2020; 294: 110443.     CrossRef
• Physico-chemical characterization and transcriptome analysis of 5-methyltryptophan resistant lines in rice
  Franz Marielle Nogoy, Yu Jin Jung, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, Yong-Gu Cho, Wujun Ma
  PLOS ONE.2019; 14(9): e0222262.     CrossRef
• Characterization of ‘GolSam’ Lines Developed from the Cross between Samgwang and 5MT Resistant Lines in Rice
  Franz Marielle Nogoy, Yu Jin Jung, Kwon Kyoo Kang, Yong-Gu Cho
  Plant Breeding and Biotechnology.2018; 6(3): 233.     CrossRef
• Crop resistant starch and genetic improvement: a review of recent advances
  Jian Xia, Dong Zhu, Ruomei Wang, Yue Cui, Yueming Yan
  Theoretical and Applied Genetics.2018; 131(12): 2495.     CrossRef
• Application of ZFN for Site Directed Mutagenesis of Rice SSIVa Gene
  Yu-Jin Jung, Franz Marielle Nogoy, Sang-Kyu Lee, Yong-Gu Cho, Kwon-Kyoo Kang
  Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering.2018; 23(1): 108.     CrossRef
• Potential impact of genome editing in world agriculture
  Wendy Harwood, Jorge Martínez-Fortún, Dylan W. Phillips, Huw D. Jones
  Emerging Topics in Life Sciences.2017; 1(2): 117.     CrossRef
• Overexpression of BrCIPK1 Gene Enhances Abiotic Stress Tolerance by Increasing Proline Biosynthesis in Rice
  Sailila E. Abdula, Hye-Jung Lee, Hojin Ryu, Kwon Kyoo Kang, Illsup Nou, Mark E. Sorrells, Yong-Gu Cho
  Plant Molecular Biology Reporter.2016; 34(2): 501.     CrossRef
• BrUGE1 transgenic rice showed improved growth performance with enhanced drought tolerance
  Sailila E. Abdula, Hye Jung Lee, Joonki Kim, Marjohn C. Niño, Yu-Jin Jung, Young-Chan Cho, Illsup Nou, Kwon-Kyoo Kang, Yong-Gu Cho
  Breeding Science.2016; 66(2): 226.     CrossRef