Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are abundantly and evenly distributed throughout the genomes of most plant species. These markers have become popular for use in genetic research in many crops. SNP markers can be used to screen maize cultivars rapidly during the early growth stages. In this study, to develop additional SNP markers for maize, we chose 20 SNP sites per chromosome from the maizeGDB website (www.maizegdb.org) and designed primers with two base pair mismatches using Primer Designer 4 based on putative SNP sites of the B73 genome sequence. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products ranged from 200 to 500 bp in size, whereas no PCR product was detected when the SNP site was present in Korean waxy corn. Using nine Korean commercial F₁ hybrids of waxy corn, including Chalok 1, Chalok 4, Ilmichal, Eolrukchal 1, Heukjinjuchal, Hayanchal 95, Mibaekchal, Mibaek 2, and Miheukchal, we selected 16 primer sets showing clear bands or no bands. Based on cluster analysis, we confirmed that the nine Korean waxy corn hybrids could clearly be distinguished. The SNP marker sets are easy to utilize through simple PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that analysis using the SNP marker set designed in this study would be faster, cheaper, and more reproducible than that using other genotyping tools, such as cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers, which require the use of restriction enzymes.

An increasing production of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)-based food products may limit dietary choices for soy-allergic individuals. Gly m Bd 30K (P34) is the main seed allergen causing implications in soybean-sensitive patients. The
objective
of this research was to develop low allergenic soybean lines with molecular marker. The soybean genome assembly specifies that three copy genes of P34 exist in soybean genome. These are Glyma08g12270, which is expressed at significantly higher level over the other two, Glyma08g12280 and Glyma05g29130. Glyma08g12270 was found inactive and was not expressed in low P34 germplasm accessions. Using a co-dominant marker and a polyclonal antibody, polymorphisms and the quantity of protein produced by Glyma08g12270 were analyzed in the F₂ and F₃ generations obtained by crossing PI567476 and the Korean cultivar Hwanggum. The molecular marker and polyclonal antibody developed in this study could therefore be effectively used for selecting lines that express P34 at low levels. Selected lines could further be used to cross with other null allergenic soybean accessions to breed low allergenic soybean variety.

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