Male sterility is an important trait for crop breeding program based on heterosis. Recent advances in molecular researches have led to the identification of genes involved in plant reproductive development and understanding the molecular functions of rice male gametophyte including roles of phytohormones in reproduction process. Here, we review the genes required for key aspects of anther/pollen development and conventional methods for the production of hybrid seeds in rice. Finally, we discuss the molecular approaches for the generation of male-sterile lines through the regulation of phytohormonal biosynthesis in reproductive organs.
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Gene flow events from genetically modified (GM) rice to adjacent non-GM rice lines naturally happen in the field. GM rice lines containing desirable agronomic traits such as tolerance to abiotic stresses and resistance to biotic stresses can be used to cross with non-GM cultivated rice and also to wild species of rice. This event can eventually lead to offspring which possess traits that allows a better chance of survival in the field. However this phenomenon has the possibility to produce undesirable effect in the environment surrounding the rice field. The
objective
of this study was to determine the out-crossing rate of GM rice to cultivated rice. Transgenic rice, Hwangkembyeo (containing beta-carotene enhancing gene and
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