Momordica cochinchinensis (Dumbaya) is a local plant with high nutritional and medicinal potential, but its propagation is constrained by hard seed coats and low natural regeneration capacity. Tissue culture via callus induction offers an alternative strategy to support efficient propagation and further in vitro studies. This study aimed to develop a hypocotyl-derived callus induction protocol for M. cochinchinensis using different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). The scientific contribution of this study lies in establishing a preliminary callus induction protocol using hypocotyl explants of Dumbaya, a local germplasm that has received limited attention in in vitro culture studies. Hypocotyl segments from four-week-old in vitro seedlings were cultured for eight weeks on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with three plant growth regulator combinations: A1, 2.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L^-1 6-BA; A2, 1.5 mg L^-1 2,4-D + 0.75 mg L^-1 6-BA; and A3, 1.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D + 1.5 mg L^-1 6-BA. All tested treatments induced friable callus. Treatment A3 showed a trend toward higher fresh weight and more favorable yellowish white callus morphology, although the differences among treatments were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that 1.0 mg L^-1 2,4-D combined with 1.5 mg L^-1 6-BA may serve as a preliminary starting formulation for producing hypocotyl-derived callus of M.cochinchinensis for further regeneration, conservation, and secondary metabolite-related studies.

Crown flower (Calotropis gigantea) as an herbaceous plant, is wildly recognized for its benefits as a medicinal plant. Phytochemical compounds which are contained in leaves, roots, and flowers of crown flower can be used as medicines. However, crown flower in Indonesia is still not optimal in their utilization. The study aimed to obtain the right concentration of growth regulators Benzyl Amino Purine and Indole Butyric Acid to stimulate optimal growth and secondary metabolites of crown flower. The study used a Completely Randomized Design arranged in a factorial design. The first factor was Benzyl Amino Purine and the second was Indole Butyric Acid. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance with a 5% level test. The interaction of Benzyl Amino Purine and Indole Butyric Acid significantly increased the number of leaves and shoot emergence time. However, medium without Benzyl Amino Purine improved the percentage of root emergence by 100%, the number of roots by 17.2 roots, and plantlet height by 7.45 cm. Optimal concentration was obtained in 3 ppm Benzyl Amino Purine, which produced the high shoot and emergence time, as well as the number of shoots and leaves. Higher flavonoid contents were contained in cultured plants than in conventional cultivation. Optimal growth and phytochemical content give an opportunity to increase the production and the use of crown flower as medicinal plant.

Citations

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• An update on biotechnological intervention mediated by plant tissue culture to boost secondary metabolite production in medicinal and aromatic plants
  Shera Pandit Prashant, Mishra Bhawana
  Physiologia Plantarum.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Establishment and Validation of a Robust Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Calotropis gigantea in Bulk Material and Marketed Product
  Akshata P. Hebballi, Basavaraja Pujar, Suresh S. Honnalli, Sushmita I. Hiremath, Akshata Menasinakai, Akash Bakale, Sahil Nadaf, Ashika M.V., Sanjana Vadavalli
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