The leaves of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have been used as a traditional folk medicine that has diuretic and mild laxative effects. Roselle is cultivated in many countries for medicines and food. However, studies on the variation of functional compounds in different accessions are relatively limited. In this study, we investigated the phenolic compound content of leaf extracts from 49 different roselle accessions from a worldwide collection by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The aim was to chemically classify and assess the pharmacological properties of the phenolic compounds in the leaves. The phenolic compounds were identified as neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, rutin isomer, isoquercitin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, quercetin isomer, and kaempferol. These compounds were present at significantly different levels among the accessions. The most abundant phenolic compound was rutin, which was found in 45 accessions where the total phenolic compound content was 18.75-46.51 mg/g (average 31.52 mg/g). The phenolic compounds were classified into four groups. The two accessions with the highest total phenolic compound content were from Ghana (PI286316) and Senegal (PI275413). The hierarchical cluster analysis of the 49 roselle accessions showed that they formed five groups according to their phenolic compound content. Our results will be useful for the selection of roselle genotypes with improved functional compounds.

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• Metabolomic Profiling of Taiwanese Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Leaves and Their Antiproliferative and Insulin Resistance-Ameliorating Potential
  Yu-Hung Liao, Jing-Wen Chen, Yu-Chia Chang, San-Chi Chang, Chun-Han Su
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• Optimisation of the Extraction Process and Quality Attributes of a Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Leaf Tisane Beverage
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• Applicability of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extract With Anti‐Inflammatory Potential in Human Health: A Review
  Anne Caroline Silva Nogueira da Cruz, Michelline Joana Tenório Albuquerque Madruga Mesquita, Guilherme kauan Rocha Dantas, Eduardo Rodrigues Silva, Victória Carvalho Falcone De Oliveira, Heitor Martins Rezende, Gustavo Medeiros Frota, Mariana Cavalcante,
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• Enhancement of physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of oil cake fortified with wheat bran, α-amylase microcapsules, and Roselle extract nano-emulsions during storage
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• Bioprocess strategies for maximizing SCOBY growth and evaluating fermentation dynamics on phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Roselle-based Kombucha
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• Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle flower) extract exerts protective effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by ameliorating TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation
  Narongsuk Munkong, Atcharaporn Ontawong, Natthaphon Thatsanasuwan, Sirinat Pengnet, Jiradej Makjaroen, Phorutai Pearngam, Saharat Nanthawong, Poorichaya Somparn, Natnisha Leelahavanichkul, Arthid Thim-uam
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• Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Cold-Brew Method for Developing Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)-Based Tisane with High Antioxidant Activity
  Intan Dewi Larasati, Nurul Mutmainah Diah Oktaviani, Hanifah Nuryani Lioe, Teti Estiasih, Miguel Palma, Widiastuti Setyaningsih
  Beverages.2023; 9(3): 58.     CrossRef
• Heating effect on nutritional value from two morphotypes (palmate and semi-palmate leaves) of Hibiscus sabdariffa
  Antoine Sambou, Nicolas Ayessou, Aly Diallo
  International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science.2023; 32: 100698.     CrossRef
• Chemical constituents fromHibiscus hamaboand their antiphotoaging effects onUVA‐inducedCCD‐986sk
  Gwee Kyo Park, Wookju Jang, Bo Yun Kim, Kyung‐Eon Oh, You Ah. Kim, Hyuk Joon Kwon, Soo‐Young Kim, Byoung Jun Park
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  James Ayokunle Elegbeleye, Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy, Oluwaseun Peter Bamidele, Adeyemi A. Adeyanju, Olalekan J. Adebowale, Wisdom Selorm Kofi Agbemavor
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• Phenolic Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus roseus: Potential Skin Cosmetic Applications of an Under-Investigated Species
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• Phenolic Compounds in Extracts of Hibiscus acetosella (Cranberry Hibiscus) and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties
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Endodormancy is a key determinant of cold and freezing hardiness in plant cycles. Short plant growth periods and increasing frequencies of frosting caused by increasing temperatures are major environmental challenges faced by trees in arid areas of central Mongolia. In the present study, the primary aim was to determine an effective method for cold hardiness with the use of six introduced and two Mongolian poplar clones. The secondary aim was selecting clones suitable for afforestation in Mongolia. Year old branches were subjected to four temperature treatments to induce cold hardiness. Electrolyte leakage, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction, leaf sprouting, and leaf browning rates were compared. High rates of electrolyte leakage and browning rates were observed along with low leaf sprouting at a low-temperature of ‒30°C. Temperatures between ‒25°C and ‒30°C damaged certain clones more than others. TTC reduction rate method for determining cold hardiness was considered effective in this case. In addition, Mongolian poplar P. sibirica differed distinctly from other poplar clones owing to the difference in dormancy-breaking whereas DN 247 and DN sim were better adapted to cold hardiness based on TTC reduction rate. These findings suggest that factors such as plant dormancy depth and physiological differences might significantly affect productivity and performance among plants. Evidently, further studies are required using other plant parts for selecting suitable poplar clones.

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  Korean Journal of Breeding Science.2023; 55(4): 287.     CrossRef
• Response of citrus to freezing tolerance differs depending on genotypes and growing conditions
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  Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology.2021; 62(2): 181.     CrossRef
• Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue
  Alisson P. Kovaleski, Jake J. Grossman
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Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important component of eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. While direct measurement of GT is cumbersome, the alkali spreading value (ASV) test is a robust method commonly used to rapidly identify different GT types. In this study, we employed a modified ASV assay to screen a population of chemically-induced rice (cv. Kitaake) mutants (n = 405). Two mutant families, KDS-1623B and KDS-1824B, with significantly lower ASV (higher GT type) than wild type Kitaake (low GT type) were isolated. A nonsynonymous homozygous mutation in the isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme gene ISA1 was identified in KDS-1623B. The mutation (G2709T) is predicted to change a valine at position 354 to a leucine in the α-amylase catalytic domain of ISA1. This result is consistent with the shrunken endosperm exhibited by KDS-1623B grains and the replacement of starch with phytoglycogen in isa1 (sugary-1) mutants. The altered ASV trait in KDS-1824B appears to be controlled by a single recessive mutation; however, the causal genetic lesion remains to be determined. These mutants will be useful resources for elucidating the complex nature of starch metabolism and its influence on ECQ of rice.

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• Efficient identification of palatability-related genes using QTL mapping in rice breeding
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Plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding (PLATZ) proteins constitute a plant-specific transcription factor family with two conserved zinc-dependent DNA-binding domains. The PLATZ proteins operate significant functions in regulating plant development and resistance. To date, PLATZ genes have been studied only in a few model plants, including Arabidopsis, rice, maize and soybean, but not yet in any Brassica species. We identified 24 Brassica rapa PLATZ gene family (BrPLATZ) genes through genome-wide characterization and profiled their expression using available RNA-Sequencing data. We divided 153 PLATZ proteins from eight plant species into seven groups based on sequence alignment and phylogeny. The BrPLATZ genes were generally conserved in groups with similar motif and exon-intron distribution. The 24 BrPLATZ genes were located in eight of the ten B. rapa chromosomes, with segmental duplication detected in 20 paralogs. Analysis of Ka/Ks ratios revealed that the duplicated genes were under purifying selection. Cis-elements analysis implied that BrPLATZ genes are diverse in functions including tissue-specific, stress and hormone responsive expressions. Furthermore, expression profiling based on RNA-sequencing data revealed that the BrPLATZ genes were expressed in various tissues, with most genes preferentially expressed in flower and silique compared to other tissues. Systematic analysis revealed structural and functional diversity among BrPLATZ proteins, which indicated the possibility of diverse functions of BrPLATZ genes in development and stress resistance. The characterization of PLATZ gene family members may aid in the selection of appropriate candidate genes responsible for biological functions in B. rapa and relevant species.

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Rice is globally one of the most important cereal crops that faces osmotic stress under any kind of abiotic stresses. An experiment was conducted under controlled condition to study the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced osmotic stress on root and root hair morphology and associated biochemical traits in four morphologically diverse rice genotypes. Plants were grown hydroponically. Two treatments, 0% (control) and 5% PEG 6000 (w/v), were imposed on 38 days old plants for 17 days’ duration. Main root axis length at first three youngest root bearing phytomers (Pr1-Pr3) was increased in Binadhan-11 but decreased in Binadhan-7 and BRRI dhan 71 under 5% PEG treatment compared to control. This result indicated that Binadhan-11 increased new root length perhaps to explore stress free environment. Length of L-type first order lateral root was also significantly increased by 2.03 fold in Binadhan-11 under 5% PEG treatment compared to control. Density and length of root hairs were increased at first order lateral roots in Binadhan-11 under 5% PEG treatment compared to control treatment those contributed largely to root surface area. Measurements of H₂O₂ and MDA revealed that Binadhan-11 was less affected by the oxidative damage caused by PEG. Data provides insight into the root morphological plasticity of four morphologically diverse rice varieties under PEG-induced osmotic stress.

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Saltol is one of the most well-known quantitative loci (QTLs) for salinity tolerance in rice. It has been used to develop highly tolerant rice varieties in saline and coastal areas in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Africa. However, the functional activity of Saltol is not well known, and the molecular marker application of readily developed linked markers in Saltol has not always been successful in the rice breeding programs for salinity tolerance improvement. Interestingly, two BC₂F₉ sister backcrossed inbred lines (BILs), which have been developed by marker-assisted backcrossing utilized the linked markers of Saltol to improve the salinity tolerance of MS11 (a temperate japonica growing in tropical condition). The BILs showed very different phenotypic and stress tolerance, although both contained the Saltol QTL. The genomic similarity of the two BILs was 73%, and we have identified the genomic sites of different genic constitutions between the lines utilizing background genotyping. The stress response of the two BILs showed difference in survival rate, grain yield under highly saline field condition, and SPAD, SES in hydroponic conditions. MS11-SaltolA showed salinity tolerance through Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis with relatively high K⁺ ion uptake and low Na⁺ ion uptake in the seedling stage. Further genomic analyses with whole genome resequencing is ongoing to study on gene interactions. The developed highly tolerant MS11-SaltolA can be used as an improved donor in rice molecular breeding for high salinity tolerance.

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• Chromosome-level genome assembly of IR64 near-isogenic line harboring Saltol reveals novel genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Biofortification is a cost-effective method for increasing the availability of micronutrients. Rice breeding for high levels of micronutrients is one of the best approaches to solve the problem of malnutrition. In this study, we developed a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between the rice cultivars 93-11 and Milyang 352 and evaluated QTLs for grain micronutrients and grain shape. Two co-localized QTLs, qFe3-1 and qZn3-1, were identified in the interval between ah03002520 and cmb0336.5 on chromosome 3, which explained 17.6% and 10.5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Correlation analysis between agronomic and micronutrient traits showed positive correlations between grain Fe and Zn contents but a negative correlation between grain Fe content and length-to-width ratio. This indicated the possibility of simultaneously increasing both Fe and Zn content in rice grains for improving the micronutrient profile of rice. We selected some promising lines by recombinant selection using linked markers on chromosome 3. The co-localized QTLs qFe3-1 and qZn3-1 might be useful for the improvement of biofortified rice breeding by marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding.

Citations

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