Fig. 1. Design and actual LED growing shelf, and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) value in relation to output intensity. (A) A figure showing the structure of the LED growing shelf. The width of the shelf is 1.7 m, and the distance from the bottom of the shelf to the LED light source is 0.8 m. (B) Appearance of the actual LED growing shelf. (C) After setting 80% of the total output, the PPFD result was measured 50 cm from the light source (High PPFD condition). (D) After setting 40% of the total output, the PPFD result was measured 50 cm from the light source (Low PPFD condition).
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